[{"t":"bd","title":"The First Light","ref":"Genesis 1:1–5","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-1-1-5-first-light/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Let There Be Light","ref":"Genesis 1:3","url":"/breakdowns/let-there-be-light/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Breath of Life","ref":"Genesis 2:7","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-2-7-breath-of-life/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Garden of Eden","ref":"Genesis 2:8–15","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-2-8-15-garden-of-eden/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Havah Formed from Adam’s Side","ref":"Genesis 2:21–23","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-2-21-23-havah-formed/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Serpent and the Tree","ref":"Genesis 3:1–6","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-3-1-6-serpent-and-tree/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Cast Out of the Garden","ref":"Genesis 3:23–24","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-3-23-24-cast-out/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Cain & Abel — The Two Offerings","ref":"Genesis 4:3–5","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-4-3-5-cain-abel-offerings/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Cain & Abel — After","ref":"Genesis 4:8–10","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-4-8-10-cain-after/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Curse of Cain","ref":"Genesis 4:11–15","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-4-11-15-curse-of-cain/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Birth of Seth","ref":"Genesis 4:25","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-4-25-birth-of-seth/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Noah Building the Ark","ref":"Genesis 6:14–22","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-6-14-22-noah-ark/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Flood — Day 40","ref":"Genesis 7:17–24","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-7-17-24-the-flood/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Rainbow Covenant","ref":"Genesis 9:12–17","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-9-12-17-rainbow-covenant/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Table of Nations — Sons of Japheth","ref":"Genesis 10:2–5 · Part I of III","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-10-2-5-sons-of-japheth/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Table of Nations — Sons of Ham","ref":"Genesis 10:6–20 · Part II of III","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-10-6-20-sons-of-ham/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Table of Nations — Sons of Shem","ref":"Genesis 10:21–31 · Part III of III","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-10-21-31-sons-of-shem/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Tower of Babel","ref":"Genesis 11:4–8","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-11-4-8-tower-of-babel/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Babel at Its Peak","ref":"Genesis 11:4","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-11-4-babel-at-its-peak/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Confusion — The Scattering","ref":"Genesis 11:7–8","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-11-7-8-the-scattering/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Abram in Ur of the Chaldees","ref":"Genesis 11:27–31","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-11-27-abram-in-ur/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Terah Takes the Family From Ur","ref":"Genesis 11:31","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-11-31-terah-leaves-ur/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Death of Terah in Haran","ref":"Genesis 11:32","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-11-32-death-of-terah/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Call — Lech Lecha","ref":"Genesis 12:1–3","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-12-1-lech-lecha/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Departure from Haran","ref":"Genesis 12:4–5","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-12-4-departure-from-haran/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The First Altar in Canaan","ref":"Genesis 12:6–7","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-12-6-first-altar/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Sarai Taken in Egypt","ref":"Genesis 12:14–16","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-12-14-sarai-in-egypt/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Avram and Lot Separate","ref":"Genesis 13:8–12","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-13-8-abram-lot-separate/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Battle of the Kings","ref":"Genesis 14:14–16","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-14-14-battle-of-kings/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Lot Returns to Sodom","ref":"Genesis 14:16","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-14-16-lot-returns-sodom/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Melchizedek Meets Avram","ref":"Genesis 14:18–20","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-14-18-melchizedek/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Fear Not, Avram","ref":"Genesis 15:1","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-15-1-fear-not-abram/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Covenant Between the Pieces","ref":"Genesis 15","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-15-covenant-between-pieces/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Hagar Given to Avram","ref":"Genesis 16:1–4","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-16-1-hagar/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Hagar and the Angel at the Spring","ref":"Genesis 16:7–13","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-16-7-hagar-angel-spring/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Abram Becomes Abraham","ref":"Genesis 17:1–8","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-17-1-abram-becomes-abraham/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Three Visitors","ref":"Genesis 18:1–8","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-18-1-three-visitors/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Sarah Laughs","ref":"Genesis 18:10–15","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-18-10-sarah-laughs/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Men Depart — Abraham Remains","ref":"Genesis 18:22","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-18-22-men-depart/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Abraham Draws Near","ref":"Genesis 18:23–25","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-18-23-abraham-draws-near/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Fifty, Forty-Five, Forty","ref":"Genesis 18:26–29","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-18-26-fifty-forty/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Thirty, Twenty, Ten","ref":"Genesis 18:30–32","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-18-30-thirty-ten/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Yah Departs — Abraham Returns","ref":"Genesis 18:33","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-18-33-yah-departs/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Angels at Sodom’s Gate","ref":"Genesis 19:1","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-19-1-angels-sodom/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Men of Sodom Surround the House","ref":"Genesis 19:4–5","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-19-4-men-surround/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Lot Steps Outside","ref":"Genesis 19:6–9","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-19-6-lot-negotiation/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Angels Strike the Men Blind","ref":"Genesis 19:10–11","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-19-10-angels-blind/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Warning — Sons-in-Law Who Laughed","ref":"Genesis 19:12–14","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-19-12-warning/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Angels Take Them by the Hand","ref":"Genesis 19:15–16","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-19-15-angels-hand/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Lot's Wife Looks Back","ref":"Genesis 19:26","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-19-26-lots-wife/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Fire and Brimstone","ref":"Genesis 19:24–25","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-19-24-fire-brimstone/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Abraham Sees the Smoke","ref":"Genesis 19:27–28","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-19-27-smoke-from-mamre/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Lot in the Cave","ref":"Genesis 19:30","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-19-30-lot-in-cave/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Birth of Isaac","ref":"Genesis 21:1–3","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-21-1-birth-of-isaac/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Ishmael Mocks Isaac at the Feast","ref":"Genesis 21:9–10","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-21-9-ishmael-mocks/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Sarah Demands — Cast Out the Bondwoman","ref":"Genesis 21:10","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-21-10-sarah-demands/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Abraham Rises Early — Sends Hagar Away","ref":"Genesis 21:14","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-21-14-abraham-sends-hagar/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Hagar and Ishmael in the Wilderness","ref":"Genesis 21:14–19","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-21-14-hagar-wilderness/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Well Opened — Ishmael Drinks","ref":"Genesis 21:19","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-21-19-well-opened/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Ishmael the Archer","ref":"Genesis 21:20","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-21-20-ishmael-archer/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Command — Take Your Son","ref":"Genesis 22:1–2","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-22-1-the-command/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Abraham Rises Early — The Akedah Morning","ref":"Genesis 22:3","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-22-3-abraham-rises/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Angel Calls — Abraham, Abraham","ref":"Genesis 22:11–12","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-22-11-angel-calls/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Ram in the Thicket","ref":"Genesis 22:13","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-22-13-ram-thicket/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Second Call — The Oath","ref":"Genesis 22:15–18","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-22-15-second-call/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Abraham and Isaac Descend Together","ref":"Genesis 22:19","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-22-19-descend-together/"},{"t":"bd","title":"News of Nahor's Family","ref":"Genesis 22:20–24","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-22-20-nahors-family/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Sarah Dies at Hebron","ref":"Genesis 23:1–2","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-23-1-2-sarah-dies/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Cave of Machpelah","ref":"Genesis 23:3–20","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-23-3-20-cave-machpelah/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Oath of the Servant","ref":"Genesis 24:1–9","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-24-1-9-servant-sent/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Servant at the Well","ref":"Genesis 24:10–16","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-24-10-21-servant-at-well/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Rebekah Waters the Camels","ref":"Genesis 24:17–27","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-24-17-27-rebekah-camels/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Servant Before Laban","ref":"Genesis 24:33–51","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-24-33-51-servant-before-laban/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Will You Go?","ref":"Genesis 24:57–61","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-24-57-61-will-you-go/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Isaac and Rebekah Meet","ref":"Genesis 24:62–67","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-24-62-67-isaac-rebekah-meet/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Abraham and Keturah","ref":"Genesis 25:1–4","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-25-1-4-keturah/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Abraham Dies at 175","ref":"Genesis 25:7–8","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-25-7-8-abraham-dies/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Isaac and Ishmael Bury Abraham","ref":"Genesis 25:9–10","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-25-9-10-burial-machpelah/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Isaac Pleads for Rebekah","ref":"Genesis 25:21","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-25-21-rebekah-barren/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Two Nations in the Womb","ref":"Genesis 25:22–23","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-25-22-23-twins-struggle/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Birth of Esau and Jacob","ref":"Genesis 25:24–26","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-25-24-26-birth-esau-jacob/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Two Ways","ref":"Genesis 25:27–28","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-25-27-28-two-ways/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Birthright","ref":"Genesis 25:29–34","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-25-birthright/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Isaac in Gerar","ref":"Genesis 26:1–11","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-26-1-11-isaac-gerar/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Wells of Isaac","ref":"Genesis 26:12–25","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-26-12-25-wells-of-isaac/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Esau’s Hittite Wives","ref":"Genesis 26:34–35","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-26-34-35-esaus-hittite-wives/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Rebekah's Plan","ref":"Genesis 27:5–17","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-27-5-17-rebekahs-plan/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Jacob Before Blind Isaac","ref":"Genesis 27:18–29","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-27-18-29-jacob-blind-isaac/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Esau’s Bitter Cry","ref":"Genesis 27:30–38","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-27-30-38-esau-bitter-cry/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Rebekah Sends Jacob Away","ref":"Genesis 27:41–28:5","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-27-41-285-rebekah-sends-jacob/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Jacob’s Ladder","ref":"Genesis 28:10–17","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-28-10-17-jacobs-ladder/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Stone Pillar","ref":"Genesis 28:18–22","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-28-18-22-stone-pillar-vow/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Jacob at the Well","ref":"Genesis 29:1–12","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-29-1-12-jacob-well-rachel/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Wedding Night","ref":"Genesis 29:21–25","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-29-21-25-wedding-night-leah/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Seven More Years","ref":"Genesis 29:27–30","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-29-27-30-seven-more-years/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Leah’s Sons","ref":"Genesis 29:31–35","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-29-31-35-leahs-sons/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Mandrake Exchange","ref":"Genesis 30:14–18","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-30-14-18-mandrake-exchange/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Speckled Flock","ref":"Genesis 30:37–43","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-30-37-43-speckled-flock/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Jacob Flees Laban","ref":"Genesis 31:17–21","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-31-17-21-jacob-flees-laban/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Covenant of Mizpah","ref":"Genesis 31:44–55","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-31-44-55-covenant-mizpah/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Messengers to Esau","ref":"Genesis 32:3–8","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-32-3-8-messengers-esau/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Jacob’s Prayer","ref":"Genesis 32:9–12","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-32-9-12-jacobs-prayer/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Wrestling at Jabbok","ref":"Genesis 32:22–32","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-32-22-32-wrestling-jabbok/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Renaming, Israel","ref":"Genesis 32:28–30","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-32-28-30-renaming-israel/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Jacob and Esau Embrace","ref":"Genesis 33:1–11","url":"/breakdowns/bereshit-33-1-11-jacob-esau-embrace/"},{"t":"bd","title":"1747 Map — Negroland & the Kingdom of Judah","ref":"Historical · 1747 CE","url":"/breakdowns/1747-map-negroland-judah/"},{"t":"bd","title":"A New King Who Did Not Know Joseph","ref":"Exodus 1:8–14","desc":"There arose a new king over Egypt who did not know Joseph. The deliberate forgetting that turned a blessed nation into slaves.","url":"/breakdowns/shemot-1-8-14-new-king/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Midwives — Shiphrah and Puah","ref":"Exodus 1:15–21","desc":"Pharaoh commands the Hebrew midwives to kill every son at birth. Shiphrah and Puah fear God more than Pharaoh — and are blessed for it.","url":"/breakdowns/shemot-1-15-21-midwives/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Moses Born — The Basket in the Nile","ref":"Exodus 1:22–2:10","desc":"A mother hides her son for three months, then places him in a reed basket on the Nile. Pharaoh's daughter draws him out of the water.","url":"/breakdowns/shemot-1-22-moses-basket/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Moses Sees the Burden — The Going-Out","ref":"Exodus 2:11","desc":"Moses grows up in Pharaoh's palace, then goes out to his brothers and sees their forced labour. He looks and sees their burden.","url":"/breakdowns/shemot-2-11-moses-sees-burden/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Moses Kills the Egyptian","ref":"Exodus 2:11–12","desc":"Moses sees an Egyptian striking a Hebrew. He looks this way and that, then strikes the Egyptian down and hides him in the sand.","url":"/breakdowns/shemot-2-11-12-kills-egyptian/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Moses Flees to Midian","ref":"Exodus 2:15–17","desc":"Pharaoh hears what Moses has done and seeks to kill him. Moses flees to the land of Midian and sits down by a well.","url":"/breakdowns/shemot-2-15-17-flees-midian/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Moses at the Well — Zipporah and Her Sisters","ref":"Exodus 2:16–22","desc":"The seven daughters of Jethro the priest of Midian come to water their flocks. Moses drives away the shepherds. Zipporah becomes his wife.","url":"/breakdowns/shemot-2-16-22-moses-well/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Burning Bush — Take Off Your Sandals","ref":"Exodus 3:1–6","desc":"The angel of the LORD appears in a flame of fire from a bush that burns but is not consumed. Remove your sandals — the ground is holy.","url":"/breakdowns/shemot-3-1-6-burning-bush/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Name — Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh","ref":"Exodus 3:7–22","desc":"Moses asks: what is your name? God answers — I AM THAT I AM. The Name that contains all existence.","url":"/breakdowns/shemot-3-7-22-the-name/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Signs Given to Moses","ref":"Exodus 4:1–17","desc":"The staff becomes a serpent. The hand becomes leprous. Water becomes blood. Three signs given to a reluctant Moses.","url":"/breakdowns/shemot-4-1-17-signs-given/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Moses and Aaron at the Mountain of God","ref":"Exodus 4:18–28","desc":"Moses returns to Egypt. Aaron meets him at the mountain of God. Together they prepare to stand before Pharaoh.","url":"/breakdowns/shemot-4-18-28-moses-aaron-mountain/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Moses and Aaron Before the Elders of Israel","ref":"Exodus 4:29–31","desc":"Moses and Aaron gather all the elders of Israel. Aaron speaks the words, performs the signs — and the people bow their heads and worship.","url":"/breakdowns/shemot-4-29-31-elders-of-israel/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Let My People Go — Before Pharaoh","ref":"Exodus 5:1–23","desc":"Moses and Aaron stand before Pharaoh: Let my people go. Pharaoh refuses and increases the burden — no more straw, the same quota of bricks.","url":"/breakdowns/shemot-5-1-23-let-my-people-go/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Staff Becomes a Serpent Before Pharaoh","ref":"Exodus 7:8–13","desc":"Aaron throws his staff before Pharaoh and it becomes a serpent. The Egyptian sorcerers do the same — but Aaron's staff swallows theirs.","url":"/breakdowns/shemot-7-8-13-staff-serpent/"},{"t":"bd","title":"Plague One — Aaron Strikes the Nile","ref":"Exodus 7:14–21","desc":"Aaron raises the staff and strikes the Nile. The river turns to blood. The fish die. The Egyptians cannot drink the water.","url":"/breakdowns/shemot-7-14-21-plague-1-nile/"},{"t":"bd","title":"The Consequences — The Egyptians Dig","ref":"Exodus 7:22–25","desc":"Pharaoh's heart is hardened. Seven days pass. The Egyptians dig along the Nile for water — they cannot drink from the river.","url":"/breakdowns/shemot-7-22-25-egyptians-dig/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Gomer","he":"גֹּמֶר","desc":"Cimmerians — ancestors of Celtic and Germanic peoples. Pontic steppe to Central Europe.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_001"},{"t":"tree","name":"Ashkenaz","he":"אַשְׁכְּנַז","desc":"Scythians / Rhine-Danube region. Name preserved in Ashkenazi Jews.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_002"},{"t":"tree","name":"Riphath","he":"רִיפַת","desc":"Possibly Paphlagonians of northern Anatolia or Carpathian peoples.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_003"},{"t":"tree","name":"Togarmah","he":"תֹגַרְמָה","desc":"Eastern Anatolia / Armenia / Khazar Empire. Ezek 38 northern coalition. Armenian and Turkic-Khazar traditions.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_004"},{"t":"tree","name":"Magog","he":"מָגוֹג","desc":"Scythians of the Eurasian steppe. Gog and Magog of Ezekiel 38–39.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_005"},{"t":"tree","name":"Madai","he":"מָדַי","desc":"The Medes — destroyed Nineveh 612 BCE with Babylon. Modern northwestern Iran / Kurdish peoples.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_006"},{"t":"tree","name":"Javan","he":"יָוָן","desc":"The Greeks (Ionians). Yavan is still Hebrew for Greece today. Daniel's empire of the goat.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_007"},{"t":"tree","name":"Elishah","he":"אֱלִישָׁה","desc":"Alashiya (Cyprus) or Elis/Aeolis. Blue and purple dye trade (Ezek 27:7).","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_008"},{"t":"tree","name":"Tarshish","he":"תַרְשִׁישׁ","desc":"Tartessos, southwestern Spain. \"Ships of Tarshish\" — the far western Mediterranean. Jonah's destination.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_009"},{"t":"tree","name":"Kittim","he":"כִּתִּים","desc":"Cyprus, then broadened to Romans. Daniel 11:30 — ships of Kittim oppose Antiochus. Dead Sea Scrolls use for Rome.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_010"},{"t":"tree","name":"Dodanim","he":"דֹדָנִים","desc":"Rhodes or Dardanians (Troy region). 1 Chr reads \"Rodanim\" supporting Rhodes.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_011"},{"t":"tree","name":"Tubal","he":"תֻבָל","desc":"Tabali of eastern Anatolia. Paired with Meshech. Bronze and slave traders (Ezek 27:13). Georgian ancestors.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_012"},{"t":"tree","name":"Meshech","he":"מֶשֶׁךְ","desc":"Muski/Mushki of central Anatolia (Cappadocia). Always paired with Tubal in prophecy.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_013"},{"t":"tree","name":"Tiras","he":"תִירָס","desc":"Possibly the Tyrsenoi/Etruscans (Tyrrhenian Sea) or the Thracians.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_014"},{"t":"tree","name":"Cush","he":"כּוּשׁ","desc":"Ethiopia/Sudan — the Nile Valley south of Egypt. Father of Nimrod.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_001"},{"t":"tree","name":"Nimrod","he":"נִמְרֹד","desc":"The mighty hunter. First empire: Babel, Erech, Accad; then Nineveh, Calah. Builder of the world's first cities.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_002"},{"t":"tree","name":"Seba","he":"סְבָא","desc":"Meroe/Nubia — the upper Nile capital of Kush. Isaiah 43:3 pairs Seba with Egypt.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_003"},{"t":"tree","name":"Havilah (Cush)","he":"חֲוִילָה","desc":"Cushite Havilah — possibly East African coast or Arabian peninsula gold region (Gen 2:11).","url":"/tree/#ham_line_004"},{"t":"tree","name":"Sabtah","he":"סַבְתָּה","desc":"Possibly Shabwa — the ancient Hadramauti capital in Yemen.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_005"},{"t":"tree","name":"Raamah","he":"רַעְמָה","desc":"South Arabian trading people. Father of Sheba and Dedan. Spice merchants of Tyre (Ezek 27:22).","url":"/tree/#ham_line_006"},{"t":"tree","name":"Sheba (Ham)","he":"שְׁבָא","desc":"Son of Raamah — South Arabian Sheba. Queen of Sheba, gold trade, frankincense.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_007"},{"t":"tree","name":"Dedan","he":"דְדָן","desc":"Northwestern Arabian trading people — oasis of al-Ula (ancient Dedan). Major caravan hub.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_008"},{"t":"tree","name":"Sabtechah","he":"סַבְתְּכָא","desc":"Unidentified — possibly southeastern Arabian coast.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_009"},{"t":"tree","name":"Mizraim","he":"מִצְרַיִם","desc":"Egypt — still Misr in Hebrew and Arabic today. The Two Lands of the Nile.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_010"},{"t":"tree","name":"Ludim","he":"לוּדִים","desc":"Libyan or Nile Delta peoples. Noted as archers in Egyptian and Assyrian armies.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_011"},{"t":"tree","name":"Anamim","he":"עֲנָמִים","desc":"Possibly western desert oasis peoples of Egypt.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_012"},{"t":"tree","name":"Lehabim","he":"לְהָבִים","desc":"Libya proper — the Libu of Egyptian records.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_013"},{"t":"tree","name":"Naphtuhim","he":"נַפְתֻּחִים","desc":"The people of the Delta / Memphis region of northern Egypt.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_014"},{"t":"tree","name":"Pathrusim","he":"פַּתְרֻסִים","desc":"People of Pathros — Upper Egypt, the Nile Valley south of Memphis.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_015"},{"t":"tree","name":"Casluhim","he":"כַּסְלֻחִים","desc":"Ancestor of the Philistines. Possibly the eastern Nile Delta / Sinai border peoples.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_016"},{"t":"tree","name":"Philistines","he":"פְּלִשְׁתִּים","desc":"Sea Peoples who settled Gaza coast c.1200 BCE. Five lords, iron weapons, perpetual enemy of Israel through David.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_017"},{"t":"tree","name":"Caphtorim","he":"כַּפְתֹּרִים","desc":"Crete/Aegean. Amos 9:7 — Philistines came from Caphtor. Part of the Sea Peoples migration.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_018"},{"t":"tree","name":"Put","he":"פוּט","desc":"Libya/Somalia — military people. Mercenary warriors in Egyptian, Assyrian, and Tyrian armies.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_019_put"},{"t":"tree","name":"Canaan","he":"כְּנַעַן","desc":"The promised land's pre-Israelite peoples. Curse fell on Canaan specifically — not on Ham or Africa.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_019"},{"t":"tree","name":"Sidon","he":"צִידֹן","desc":"Firstborn of Canaan. Premier Phoenician city — Jezebel was a Sidonian princess.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_020"},{"t":"tree","name":"Heth","he":"חֵת","desc":"Canaanite Hittites — Abraham bought Machpelah from them. Esau's Hittite wives.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_021"},{"t":"tree","name":"Jebusite","he":"הַיְבוּסִי","desc":"Pre-Israelite Jerusalem (Jebus). Araunah's threshing floor became the temple mount.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_022"},{"t":"tree","name":"Amorite","he":"הָאֱמֹרִי","desc":"Dominant Canaanite highland people. Og of Bashan, Sihon king of Heshbon. Their iniquity was not yet full in Abraham's ti","url":"/tree/#ham_line_023"},{"t":"tree","name":"Girgashite","he":"הַגִּרְגָּשִׁי","desc":"One of the seven nations of Canaan. Not prominent in narrative.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_024"},{"t":"tree","name":"Hivite","he":"הַחִוִּי","desc":"Gibeonites who tricked Joshua. Shechem the son of Hamor. Central Canaan and Hermon foothills.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_025"},{"t":"tree","name":"Arkite","he":"הָעַרְקִי","desc":"People of Arqa — modern Tell Arqa, northern Lebanon near Tripoli.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_026"},{"t":"tree","name":"Sinite","he":"הַסִּינִי","desc":"People of Sin — possibly Siyannu/Sinn on the northern Lebanese coast.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_027"},{"t":"tree","name":"Arvadite","he":"הָאַרְוָדִי","desc":"Island city of Arvad off Syrian coast — northernmost Phoenician city. Famous sailors (Ezek 27:8).","url":"/tree/#ham_line_028"},{"t":"tree","name":"Zemarite","he":"הַצְּמָרִי","desc":"Sumur (Simyra) — Syrian coast between Arvad and Tripoli. Bronze Age Egyptian administrative center.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_029"},{"t":"tree","name":"Hamathite","he":"הַחֲמָתִי","desc":"Hamath — modern Hama, Syria. Northern boundary of Canaan. Toi king of Hamath sent gifts to David.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_030"},{"t":"tree","name":"Elam","he":"עֵילָם","desc":"Elamites — ancient civilization of Susa (Shushan). Chedorlaomer in Genesis 14. Setting of Esther.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_001"},{"t":"tree","name":"Asshur","he":"אַשּׁוּר","desc":"The Assyrians — built Nineveh. Conquered Northern Israel 722 BCE. Modern Assyrian Christians still speak Aramaic.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_002"},{"t":"tree","name":"Arphaxad","he":"אַרְפַּכְשַׁד","desc":"Direct ancestor of Abraham — the Messianic line passes through Arphaxad. Most critical genealogy in the Table.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_003"},{"t":"tree","name":"Shelah","he":"שֶׁלַח","desc":"Son of Arphaxad, father of Eber.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_010"},{"t":"tree","name":"Eber","he":"עֵבֶר","desc":"Eponymous ancestor of the Hebrews (Ivri = \"from Eber\"). Father of Peleg and Joktan — the great branching.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_011"},{"t":"tree","name":"Peleg","he":"פֶּלֶג","desc":"Son of Eber — \"in his days the earth was divided\" (Babel). Direct ancestor of Abraham.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_012"},{"t":"tree","name":"Joktan","he":"יָקְטָן","desc":"Peleg's brother — father of 13 South Arabian peoples. Qahtan of Arab tradition.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_013"},{"t":"tree","name":"Almodad","he":"אַלְמוֹדָד","desc":"First of Joktan's 13 sons — South Arabia.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_014"},{"t":"tree","name":"Sheleph","he":"שָׁלֶף","desc":"Possibly Salfaeeni — Yemen.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_015"},{"t":"tree","name":"Hazarmaveth","he":"חֲצַרְמָוֶת","desc":"Hadramaut, Yemen — one of the clearest IDs in the Table. Ancient frankincense heartland.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_016"},{"t":"tree","name":"Jerah","he":"יֶרַח","desc":"Means \"moon\" — possibly lunar-cult tribes of South Arabia.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_017"},{"t":"tree","name":"Hadoram","he":"הֲדוֹרָם","desc":"Possibly Adramitae of South Arabia.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_018"},{"t":"tree","name":"Uzal","he":"אוּזָל","desc":"Ancient Azal = modern Sanaa, Yemen. Ezek 27:19 confirms it as Tyre's trading partner.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_019"},{"t":"tree","name":"Diklah","he":"דִּקְלָה","desc":"Means \"palm grove\" in Aramaic — unidentified Arabian tribe.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_020"},{"t":"tree","name":"Obal","he":"עוֹבָל","desc":"1 Chr reads Ebal. Yemen highlands — unidentified.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_021"},{"t":"tree","name":"Abimael","he":"אֲבִימָאֵל","desc":"\"My father is El\" — theophoric name. South Arabian tribe.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_022"},{"t":"tree","name":"Sheba (Shem)","he":"שְׁבָא","desc":"Sabaean kingdom of Yemen. Sheba appears in both Ham and Shem lines — the dual ethnicity of South Arabian peoples. Queen ","url":"/tree/#shem_line_023"},{"t":"tree","name":"Ophir","he":"אוֹפִיר","desc":"Solomon's gold source — 420 talents every 3 years. Likely Oman. Confirmed by Tel Qasile ostracon.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_024"},{"t":"tree","name":"Havilah (Shem)","he":"חֲוִילָה","desc":"Eastern Arabia — Ishmael's territory stretched from Havilah to Shur (Gen 25:18). Also appears in Cush line.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_025"},{"t":"tree","name":"Jobab","he":"יוֹבָב","desc":"Last of Joktan's 13 sons — completing the Table. Some ancient traditions identify with Job.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_026"},{"t":"tree","name":"Lud","he":"לוּד","desc":"Lydians of western Anatolia — Croesus and his gold, inventors of coined money.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_004"},{"t":"tree","name":"Aram","he":"אֲרָם","desc":"The Arameans — Damascus, and the Aramaic language. \"A wandering Aramean was my father\" (Deut 26:5). Yeshua spoke Aramaic","url":"/tree/#shem_line_005"},{"t":"tree","name":"Uz","he":"עוּץ","desc":"Land of Uz — homeland of Job. Hauran region (southern Syria/northern Jordan).","url":"/tree/#shem_line_006"},{"t":"tree","name":"Hul","he":"חוּל","desc":"Possibly the Huleh basin, northern Galilee/southern Syria.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_007"},{"t":"tree","name":"Gether","he":"גֶּתֶר","desc":"Unknown — obscure Aramean people. No independent attestation.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_008"},{"t":"tree","name":"Mash","he":"מַשׁ","desc":"Possibly Mount Masius, southeastern Turkey. 1 Chr reads Meshech — textual variant.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_009"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":1,"title":"The Creation","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/1/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":2,"title":"The Seventh Day; The Garden","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/2/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":3,"title":"The Fall","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/3/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":4,"title":"Cain and Abel","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/4/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":5,"title":"Generations from Adam to Noah","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/5/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":6,"title":"Corruption of the Earth — Noah Builds the Ark","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/6/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":7,"title":"The Flood","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/7/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":8,"title":"The Flood Recedes — Noah's Altar","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/8/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":9,"title":"The Rainbow Covenant","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/9/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":10,"title":"Table of Nations","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/10/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":11,"title":"Tower of Babel — Abram's Line","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/11/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":12,"title":"The Call of Abram — Lech Lecha","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/12/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":13,"title":"Abram and Lot Separate","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/13/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":14,"title":"Melchizedek — Priest of El Elyon","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/14/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":15,"title":"The Covenant Between the Pieces","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/15/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":16,"title":"Hagar and Ishmael","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/16/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":17,"title":"Covenant of Circumcision — New Names","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/17/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":18,"title":"Three Visitors — Abraham Intercedes for Sodom","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/18/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":19,"title":"The Destruction of Sodom","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/19/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":20,"title":"Abraham and Abimelech","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/20/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":21,"title":"Isaac Is Born — Hagar at the Well","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/21/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":22,"title":"The Binding of Isaac — The Akedah","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/22/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":23,"title":"The Death of Sarah — Cave of Machpelah","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/23/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":24,"title":"Rebekah — A Wife for Isaac","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/24/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":25,"title":"Jacob and Esau — The Birthright","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/25/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":26,"title":"Isaac at Gerar — Covenant at Beersheba","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/26/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":27,"title":"Jacob Receives Isaac's Blessing","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/27/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":28,"title":"Jacob's Ladder — Bethel","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/28/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":29,"title":"Jacob, Rachel and Leah","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/29/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":30,"title":"The Birth of the Tribes","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/30/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":31,"title":"Jacob Flees Laban","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/31/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":32,"title":"Jacob Wrestles with God","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/32/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":33,"title":"Jacob Meets Esau","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/33/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":34,"title":"Dinah and Shechem","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/34/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":35,"title":"Return to Bethel — Rachel Dies","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/35/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":36,"title":"The Descendants of Esau","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/36/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":37,"title":"Joseph and His Brothers","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/37/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":38,"title":"Judah and Tamar","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/38/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":39,"title":"Joseph and Potiphar's Wife","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/39/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":40,"title":"The Cupbearer and the Baker","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/40/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":41,"title":"Pharaoh's Dreams — Joseph Elevated","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/41/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":42,"title":"The Brothers Come to Egypt","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/42/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":43,"title":"The Second Journey to Egypt","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/43/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":44,"title":"Benjamin and the Silver Cup","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/44/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":45,"title":"Joseph Reveals Himself","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/45/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":46,"title":"Jacob Goes Down to Egypt","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/46/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":47,"title":"Jacob Before Pharaoh","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/47/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":48,"title":"Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/48/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":49,"title":"The Blessings of the Twelve Tribes","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/49/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Genesis","ch":50,"title":"Jacob's Burial — Joseph Forgives","url":"/en/torah/#bereishit/50/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":1,"title":"Israel in Egypt — Slavery Begins","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/1/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":2,"title":"Moses — Birth, Flight, and the Burning Bush's Prelude","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/2/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":3,"title":"The Burning Bush — God Reveals His Name","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/3/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":4,"title":"Moses' Excuses and God's Patience","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/4/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":5,"title":"Let My People Go — Pharaoh Refuses","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/5/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":6,"title":"God Confirms the Covenant — The Name YHWH","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/6/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":7,"title":"The Staff Becomes a Serpent — First Plague: Blood","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/7/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":8,"title":"Frogs, Gnats, and Flies — Plagues 2–4","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/8/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":9,"title":"Livestock, Boils, and Hail — Plagues 5–7","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/9/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":10,"title":"Locusts and Darkness — Plagues 8–9","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/10/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":11,"title":"Announcement of the Final Plague","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/11/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":12,"title":"The Passover — פֶּסַח","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/12/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":13,"title":"Consecration of the Firstborn — The Pillar of Cloud","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/13/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":14,"title":"The Crossing of the Sea — יַם סוּף","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/14/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":15,"title":"The Song of the Sea — שִׁירַת הַיָּם","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/15/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":16,"title":"Manna and Quail — לֶחֶם מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/16/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":17,"title":"Water from the Rock — Massah and Meribah","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/17/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":18,"title":"Jethro's Visit — Delegating Justice","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/18/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":19,"title":"Israel at Sinai — The Covenant Proposal","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/19/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":20,"title":"The Ten Commandments — עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְּרוֹת","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/20/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":21,"title":"The Book of the Covenant — Civil Laws","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/21/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":22,"title":"Laws of Restitution and Justice","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/22/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":23,"title":"Sabbath, Feasts, and the Angel","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/23/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":24,"title":"The Covenant Ratified — Blood and the Vision of God","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/24/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":25,"title":"Instructions for the Tabernacle — Ark, Table, Menorah","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/25/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":26,"title":"The Tabernacle Structure — Curtains and Boards","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/26/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":27,"title":"The Altar, Courtyard, and the Lamp","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/27/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":28,"title":"Aaron's Priestly Garments","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/28/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":29,"title":"Consecration of Aaron and His Sons","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/29/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":30,"title":"Altar of Incense, Atonement Tax, Anointing Oil","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/30/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":31,"title":"Bezalel the Craftsman — The Sabbath Sign","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/31/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":32,"title":"The Golden Calf","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/32/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":33,"title":"Moses Seeks God's Presence — The Cleft of the Rock","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/33/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":34,"title":"The New Tablets — God's Thirteen Attributes","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/34/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":35,"title":"Sabbath Reminder — Freewill Gifts for the Tabernacle","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/35/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":36,"title":"Bezalel Builds the Tabernacle","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/36/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":37,"title":"The Ark, Table, and Menorah Constructed","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/37/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":38,"title":"The Altar, Laver, and Courtyard","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/38/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":39,"title":"The Priestly Garments Completed","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/39/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Exodus","ch":40,"title":"The Tabernacle Erected — The Glory of the LORD","url":"/en/torah/#shemot/40/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":1,"title":"The Burnt Offering — Drawing Near to God","url":"/en/torah/#vayikra/1/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":2,"title":"The Grain Offering","url":"/en/torah/#vayikra/2/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":3,"title":"The Peace Offering","url":"/en/torah/#vayikra/3/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":4,"title":"The Sin Offering — Unintentional Sins","url":"/en/torah/#vayikra/4/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":5,"title":"The Guilt Offering","url":"/en/torah/#vayikra/5/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":6,"title":"Laws of the Offerings — The Perpetual Fire","url":"/en/torah/#vayikra/6/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":7,"title":"Laws of the Guilt and Peace Offerings","url":"/en/torah/#vayikra/7/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":8,"title":"The Consecration of Aaron and His Sons","url":"/en/torah/#vayikra/8/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":9,"title":"The Eighth Day — Fire from Heaven","url":"/en/torah/#vayikra/9/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":10,"title":"Nadab and Abihu — Strange Fire","url":"/en/torah/#vayikra/10/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":11,"title":"Clean and Unclean Animals — Kashrut","url":"/en/torah/#vayikra/11/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":12,"title":"Purification After Childbirth","url":"/en/torah/#vayikra/12/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":13,"title":"The Law of Tzara'at — Skin Afflictions","url":"/en/torah/#vayikra/13/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":14,"title":"The Purification of the Leper","url":"/en/torah/#vayikra/14/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":15,"title":"Laws of Bodily Discharges — Ritual Purity","url":"/en/torah/#vayikra/15/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":16,"title":"Yom Kippur — The Day of Atonement","url":"/en/torah/#vayikra/16/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":17,"title":"The Prohibition of Blood","url":"/en/torah/#vayikra/17/1"},{"t":"torah","book":"Leviticus","ch":18,"title":"Sexual Laws — The Holiness of Covenant 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Moses","url":"/en/torah/#devarim/34/1"},{"t":"news","title":"Creation and Adam — The First Arc","ref":"Genesis 1–11","desc":"Every nation on earth traces back to one book. Genesis — Bereshit — is not just Jewish scripture. It is the history of all humanity.","url":"/news/bereshit-every-nation-starts-here/"},{"t":"news","title":"The Five Books of Moses Are Not Five Books","ref":"Language · Torah","desc":"Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy are Greek names imposed from outside. The Hebrew names say something completely different.","url":"/news/five-books-of-moses/"},{"t":"news","title":"Ladino and the Scattered Israel","ref":"Language · Diaspora","desc":"The Judeo-Spanish language carried by Sephardic Jews across the Mediterranean — a living record of exile, Torah, and Israelite identity.","url":"/news/ladino-scattered-israel/"},{"t":"news","title":"What Is Biblical Hebrew?","ref":"Language · Foundation","desc":"The ancient tongue the Torah was written in — its alphabet, its grammar, and why it still matters for reading scripture in the original.","url":"/blog/what-is-biblical-hebrew/"},{"t":"news","title":"Who Authorized the King James Bible?","ref":"History · Translation","desc":"The story behind the 1611 translation commissioned by James I — who made it, why it displaced earlier English Bibles, and what was changed.","url":"/blog/king-james-bible-history/"},{"t":"news","title":"The Slave Bible: What They Removed From the Word of God","ref":"History · Diaspora · Scripture","desc":"In 1807 colonial authorities published a Bible with 90% of the Old Testament removed — no Exodus, no Deuteronomy 28, no liberation.","url":"/news/slave-bible/"},{"t":"news","title":"Hello or Shalom? — The Hebrew Word the World Pronounces but Does Not Know","ref":"Language · Torah Vocabulary","desc":"Shalom means far more than hello. The root shalem — wholeness, completeness, nothing missing — changes how you read every covenant promise.","url":"/news/hello-or-shalom/"},{"t":"news","title":"Who Were the Pharisees? — The Complicated Truth About the Torah's Keepers","ref":"History · Scripture","desc":"The New Testament presents them as antagonists. History shows they kept the covenant alive after the Temple fell.","url":"/news/who-were-the-pharisees/"},{"t":"news","title":"The 1747 Map of Negroland: The Kingdom of Judah in West Africa","ref":"History · Diaspora · West Africa","desc":"Emanuel Bowen's 1747 British map labels the Kingdom of Judah on the West African coast. Research on Israelite exile and West African traditions.","url":"/news/1747-map-negroland-judah/"},{"t":"news","title":"Were the Irish Black? What 1847 Ship Manifests and the Hebrew Word Admoni Tell Us About Esau","ref":"History · Hebrew","desc":"In 1847 Irish immigrants were officially recorded as swarthy and dark in American ship manifests. The Hebrew word admoni appears only three times in the Bible — twice for David, once for Esau.","url":"/news/irish-black-esau-admoni/"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Believe in God","he":"אֲנִי ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ","ref":"Ex 20:2","desc":"To know and believe that God exists and is the source of all creation. This is the foundation of all ancient Hebrew faith and prac","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-1"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Affirm the Unity of God (Shema)","he":"שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל","ref":"Deut 6:4","desc":"To proclaim daily that God is One — utterly unique and indivisible. The Shema is the central declaration of ancient Hebrew faith r","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-2"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Love God","he":"וְאָהַבְתָּ אֶת ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ","ref":"Deut 6:5","desc":"To love God with all heart, soul, and might. This love is expressed through studying Torah and doing mitzvot wholeheartedly.","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-3"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Fear/Revere God","he":"אֶת ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ תִּירָא","ref":"Deut 10:20","desc":"To stand in awe before God at all times. Fear of God motivates avoidance of sin and leads to genuine respect for all of creation.","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-4"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Serve God through prayer","he":"וְעָבַדְתֶּם אֵת ה׳ אֱלֹהֵיכֶם","ref":"Ex 23:25","desc":"To direct heartfelt prayer to God daily. The rabbis established formal prayers (Shacharit, Mincha, Maariv) as the structured form ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-5"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Cleave to God","he":"וּבוֹ תִדְבָּק","ref":"Deut 10:20","desc":"To attach oneself to God and to those who fear Him. This is achieved through Torah study, prayer, and associating with righteous p","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-6"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Swear by God's Name alone","he":"וּבִשְׁמוֹ תִּשָּׁבֵעַ","ref":"Deut 10:20","desc":"When an oath is required, it must be taken only in God's name. This affirms that God is the ultimate witness to all truth.","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-7"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Walk in God's ways (Imitatio Dei)","he":"וְהָלַכְתָּ בִּדְרָכָיו","ref":"Deut 28:9","desc":"To emulate God's attributes: be merciful as He is merciful, gracious as He is gracious. Character development is itself a divine c","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-8"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Sanctify God's Name (Kiddush Hashem)","he":"וְקִדַּשְׁתֶּם וִהְיִיתֶם קְדֹשִׁים","ref":"Lev 22:32","desc":"To sanctify God's name publicly, even at the risk of one's life. This includes behaving ethically so God's name is glorified throu","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-9"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Recite the Shema daily","he":"וְדִבַּרְתָּ בָּם","ref":"Deut 6:7","desc":"To recite the Shema — affirming God's unity — each morning and night. It anchors daily life in faith and reminds one of core oblig","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-10"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Study Torah","he":"וְשִׁנַּנְתָּם לְבָנֶיךָ","ref":"Deut 6:7","desc":"To study Torah every day and night. Torah study is considered equal in weight to all other mitzvot combined, as it leads to their ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-11"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Teach Torah to children","he":"וְלִמַּדְתֶּם אֹתָם אֶת בְּנֵיכֶם","ref":"Deut 11:19","desc":"To teach Torah to one's children and students. Transmission of tradition from generation to generation ensures the continuity of I","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-12"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Wear Tefillin on the arm","he":"וּקְשַׁרְתָּם לְאוֹת עַל יָדֶךָ","ref":"Deut 6:8","desc":"To bind leather boxes containing Torah passages on the arm, near the heart. Tefillin symbolize the bond between God and Israel.","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-13"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Wear Tefillin on the head","he":"וְהָיוּ לְטוֹטָפֹת בֵּין עֵינֶיךָ","ref":"Deut 6:8","desc":"To wear Tefillin on the forehead, representing dedication of the mind to God. The head and arm tefillin are worn together every we","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-14"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Affix a Mezuzah","he":"וּכְתַבְתָּם עַל מְזוּזוֹת בֵּיתֶךָ","ref":"Deut 6:9","desc":"To attach a mezuzah (scroll with Torah passages) on doorposts of Hebrew homes. It symbolizes God's presence and serves as a consta","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-15"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Assemble the people to hear Torah (Hakhel)","he":"הַקְהֵל אֶת הָעָם","ref":"Deut 31:12","desc":"Once every seven years during Sukkot after the Sabbatical year, the king reads publicly from the Torah. This unifies all Israel ar","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-16"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Each person write a Torah scroll","he":"וְעַתָּה כִּתְבוּ לָכֶם","ref":"Deut 31:19","desc":"Every Israelite is commanded to write (or commission) a Torah scroll. This personal connection to the text makes the Torah tangibl","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-17"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Wear Tzitzit (fringes)","he":"וְעָשׂוּ לָהֶם צִיצִת","ref":"Num 15:38","desc":"To attach fringes to four-cornered garments as a reminder of all the commandments. Seeing the tzitzit prompts mindfulness of one's","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-18"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Bless God after eating (Birkat HaMazon)","he":"וְאָכַלְתָּ וְשָׂבָעְתָּ וּבֵרַכְתָּ","ref":"Deut 8:10","desc":"To recite Grace after Meals whenever one has eaten bread to satiety. Gratitude to God for sustenance is a core Israelite expressio","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-19"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Build the Temple (Beit HaMikdash)","he":"וְעָשׂוּ לִי מִקְדָּשׁ","ref":"Ex 25:8","desc":"To build and maintain a central sanctuary for divine service. The Temple was the focal point of Israelite worship and national lif","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-20"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Revere the Temple","he":"וְאֶת מִקְדָּשִׁי תִּירָאוּ","ref":"Lev 19:30","desc":"To behave with awe and reverence in the Temple precincts. This includes not entering casually and treating the space as uniquely s","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-21"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Guard the Temple","he":"וְשָׁמְרוּ אֶת מִשְׁמֶרֶת","ref":"Num 18:4","desc":"Levites and Kohanim were assigned to guard the Temple day and night. This was an honor, not a security measure — expressing revere","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-22"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Levites serve in the Temple","he":"וְעָבַד הַלֵּוִי הוּא","ref":"Num 18:23","desc":"The tribe of Levi was designated to assist in Temple service — singing, gatekeeping, and supporting the Kohanim in all ritual duti","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-23"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Kohanim perform Temple service","he":"וְכִהֲנוּ לִי","ref":"Ex 28:41","desc":"Aaron's descendants (Kohanim) were consecrated to perform the sacrificial service in the Temple, representing the entire people be","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-24"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Kohanim wash hands and feet before service","he":"וְרָחֲצוּ יְדֵיהֶם וְרַגְלֵיהֶם","ref":"Ex 30:19","desc":"Before performing any Temple service, Kohanim sanctified themselves by washing hands and feet from the Temple laver (Kiyor). Purit","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-25"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Kindle the Menorah daily","he":"וְהֵטִיב אַהֲרֹן אֶת הַנֵּרֹת","ref":"Ex 27:21","desc":"The seven-branched Menorah was lit every evening in the Temple. Its light symbolized divine wisdom and Israel's role as a light to","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-26"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Levites carry the Ark on their shoulders","he":"וְנָשְׂאוּ אֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן","ref":"Num 7:9","desc":"When the Tabernacle traveled, the sons of Kehat carried the holy vessels on their shoulders — no carts allowed. Proximity to holin","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-27"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Burn incense on the altar daily","he":"וְהַקְטִיר עָלָיו אַהֲרֹן","ref":"Ex 30:7","desc":"Fragrant incense was burned morning and evening on the golden incense altar. Its rising smoke symbolized prayer ascending to heave","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-28"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Offer the daily burnt offering (Tamid)","he":"עֹלַת תָּמִיד","ref":"Num 28:3","desc":"Two lambs were offered each day in the Temple — one at dawn, one at dusk. The Tamid was the rhythmic heartbeat of Temple worship, ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-29"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Keep fire burning on the altar perpetually","he":"וְאֵשׁ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ תּוּקַד","ref":"Lev 6:6","desc":"A perpetual fire was to burn on the altar day and night. Even when not offering sacrifices, the fire expressed unceasing devotion ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-30"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Remove ashes from the altar daily","he":"וְהֵרִים אֶת הַדֶּשֶׁן","ref":"Lev 6:3","desc":"Each morning a Kohen would remove the accumulated ashes from the altar. This act of service, though humble, was considered an hono","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-31"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Kohen eats the remainder of meal offerings","he":"וְלָקַח הַכֹּהֵן מִן הַמִּנְחָה","ref":"Lev 6:9","desc":"The Kohanim ate the remainder of meal offerings within the Temple courts. This eating was itself considered part of the atonement ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-32"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Prepare the Temple oil","he":"שֶׁמֶן זַיִת זָךְ","ref":"Ex 27:20","desc":"Only pure, hand-pressed olive oil was used for the Menorah. The specific preparation process ensured the highest quality for divin","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-33"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Erect and dismantle the Tabernacle properly","he":"וְהֵקִים אֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן","ref":"Ex 26:30","desc":"The Tabernacle had a precise design given by God to Moses on Sinai. Its proper assembly was essential to its function as the meeti","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-34"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Kohen Gadol wears the eight priestly garments","he":"בִּגְדֵי קֹדֶשׁ","ref":"Ex 28:4","desc":"The High Priest wore eight special garments during Temple service, including the golden breastplate (Choshen) with twelve stones r","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-35"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Regular Kohen wears four priestly garments","he":"בִּגְדֵי כְהֻנָּה","ref":"Ex 28:40","desc":"Ordinary Kohanim wore four garments during Temple service: tunic, sash, turban, and trousers. Performing service without these gar","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-36"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Remember the Sabbath (Kiddush)","he":"זָכוֹר אֶת יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת","ref":"Ex 20:8","desc":"To sanctify the Sabbath verbally — through Kiddush on Friday night and Havdalah at its close. The Sabbath commemorates Creation an","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-37"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Rest on the Sabbath","he":"שְׁבִיתָה בְּשַׁבָּת","ref":"Ex 23:12","desc":"To cease from all creative work on the seventh day. Shabbat rest transforms time into something holy, reflecting God's rest on the","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-38"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Rest on Yom Kippur","he":"שַׁבָּתוֹן בְּיוֹם כִּפּוּר","ref":"Lev 23:32","desc":"The Day of Atonement is a complete day of fasting and rest. On this day, Israel collectively seeks forgiveness and reconnects with","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-39"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Fast on Yom Kippur","he":"עִנּוּי בְּיוֹם כִּפּוּר","ref":"Lev 16:29","desc":"Abstaining from food, drink, and other bodily pleasures on Yom Kippur is the primary physical expression of repentance and humilit","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-40"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Rest on Rosh Hashanah","he":"שַׁבָּתוֹן בְּרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה","ref":"Lev 23:24","desc":"The Israelite New Year is a day of solemn rest and introspection. It is called the Day of Judgment (Yom HaDin), when all souls are","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-41"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Sound the Shofar on Rosh Hashanah","he":"תְּקִיעַת שׁוֹפָר","ref":"Num 29:1","desc":"The ram's horn is sounded 100 times on Rosh Hashanah. Its piercing cry calls the community to repentance and awakens awareness of ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-42"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Rest on the first day of Passover","he":"שַׁבָּתוֹן בְּפֶסַח","ref":"Lev 23:7","desc":"The first day of Passover is a holy convocation and day of rest. It marks the beginning of the Exodus commemoration, the birth of ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-43"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Rest on the seventh day of Passover","he":"שַׁבָּתוֹן בְּשֵׁבִיעִי שֶׁל פֶּסַח","ref":"Lev 23:8","desc":"The final day of Passover commemorates the splitting of the Red Sea. It is a holy convocation marking the completion of the Exodus","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-44"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Rest on Shavuot","he":"שַׁבָּתוֹן בְּשָׁבוּעוֹת","ref":"Lev 23:21","desc":"Shavuot commemorates the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai. It comes 50 days after Passover, connecting physical liberation to sp","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-45"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Rest on the first day of Sukkot","he":"שַׁבָּתוֹן בְּסֻכּוֹת","ref":"Lev 23:35","desc":"Sukkot recalls Israel's dwelling in booths during the 40-year desert journey. The first day is a holy convocation of joyful rest a","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-46"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Rest on Shemini Atzeret","he":"שַׁבָּתוֹן בְּשְׁמִינִי עֲצֶרֶת","ref":"Lev 23:36","desc":"The eighth day of assembly is a separate holiday following Sukkot. The rabbis explain it as God's desire to keep Israel close for ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-47"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Rejoice on the Festivals","he":"שִׂמְחָה בְּמוֹעֲדִים","ref":"Deut 16:14","desc":"To experience genuine joy on Passover, Shavuot, and Sukkot. Joy is expressed through festive meals, new clothing, and including th","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-48"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Appear at the Temple on the three Pilgrimage Festivals","he":"רְאִיַּת פָּנִים","ref":"Deut 16:16","desc":"Every Israelite male was obligated to ascend to Jerusalem and appear at the Temple on Passover, Shavuot, and Sukkot (Aliyah LaRege","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-49"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Bring a burnt offering upon appearing at the Temple","he":"קָרְבַּן עוֹלַת רְאִיָּה","ref":"Ex 23:15","desc":"When appearing at the Temple for the three pilgrimage festivals, one was required to bring a burnt offering. One should not appear","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-50"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Slaughter the Passover offering","he":"שְׁחִיטַת הַפֶּסַח","ref":"Ex 12:6","desc":"On the 14th of Nissan, every Israelite household slaughtered a lamb as the Passover offering. This act directly paralleled the ori","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-51"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Eat the Passover offering with matzah and maror","he":"אֲכִילַת הַפֶּסַח","ref":"Ex 12:8","desc":"The Passover lamb was eaten with unleavened bread and bitter herbs on the night of Passover. Each element — lamb, matzah, maror — ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-52"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Eat Matzah on the first night of Passover","he":"אֲכִילַת מַצָּה","ref":"Ex 12:18","desc":"The Torah requires eating matzah on Passover night as a reminder of the hasty departure from Egypt, when there was no time for bre","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-53"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Retell the Exodus on Passover night (Haggadah)","he":"סִפּוּר יְצִיאַת מִצְרַיִם","ref":"Ex 13:8","desc":"At the Passover Seder, every Israelite is obligated to personally retell the story of the Exodus from Egypt, as if they themselves","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-54"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Observe Pesach Sheni (Second Passover)","he":"פֶּסַח שֵׁנִי","ref":"Num 9:11","desc":"Those who were ritually impure or far from Jerusalem on Passover could offer the Passover sacrifice one month later, on 14 Iyar.","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-55"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Recite the passage when bringing First Fruits","he":"הַגָּדַת בִּכּוּרִים","ref":"Deut 26:5","desc":"When bringing Bikkurim to the Temple, the farmer recited a declaration acknowledging God as the source of the land's produce and I","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-56"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Count the Omer (49 days from Passover to Shavuot)","he":"סְפִירַת הָעֹמֶר","ref":"Lev 23:15","desc":"To count 49 days between the second day of Passover and Shavuot. This period links liberation (Passover) to revelation (Shavuot), ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-57"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Bring the Omer wave offering on Pesach","he":"קָרְבַּן עֹמֶר","ref":"Lev 23:10","desc":"On the second day of Passover, a measure of new barley was brought to the Temple as a wave offering, permitting the use of the new","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-58"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Bring the Two Loaves on Shavuot","he":"שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם","ref":"Lev 23:17","desc":"Two leavened loaves of wheat bread were waved in the Temple on Shavuot. Remarkably, this is the only Temple offering made of leave","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-59"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Take the Four Species on Sukkot","he":"נְטִילַת אַרְבַּעַת הַמִּינִים","ref":"Lev 23:40","desc":"On Sukkot, the lulav (palm), etrog (citron), hadassim (myrtles), and aravot (willows) are held together and waved in six direction","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-60"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Dwell in a Sukkah for seven days","he":"יְשִׁיבָה בַּסֻּכָּה","ref":"Lev 23:42","desc":"During Sukkot, Jews eat and sleep in a temporary booth (sukkah) to recall Israel's 40-year desert journey and to reflect on life's","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-61"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Let the land rest in the Sabbatical year (Shemitah)","he":"שְׁמִטַּת קַרְקַעוֹת","ref":"Ex 23:11","desc":"Every seventh year, the land of Israel lies fallow. Crops that grow are ownerless and must be available to all. This teaches that ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-62"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Release loans in the Sabbatical year","he":"שְׁמִטַּת כְּסָפִים","ref":"Deut 15:3","desc":"All outstanding loans are cancelled at the end of the seventh year, preventing perpetual debt cycles and ensuring periodic economi","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-63"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Treat Sabbatical year produce as holy","he":"קְדֻשַּׁת שְׁמִטָּה","ref":"Lev 25:10","desc":"Produce that grows in the Sabbatical year has special holiness and must be eaten in a specific manner. It cannot be sold commercia","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-64"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Sanctify the Jubilee Year (50th year)","he":"שַׁנַּת הַיּוֹבֵל","ref":"Lev 25:10","desc":"After seven cycles of seven years (49), the 50th year is the Jubilee — all land reverts to original tribal owners and all Hebrew s","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-65"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Sound the Shofar to begin the Jubilee","he":"תְּקִיעַת שׁוֹפָר בְּיוֹבֵל","ref":"Lev 25:9","desc":"On Yom Kippur of the Jubilee year, the shofar was sounded throughout the land, announcing the liberation of slaves and the return ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-66"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Redemption laws for sold land","he":"גְּאֻלַּת קַרְקָעוֹת","ref":"Lev 25:24","desc":"Land sold in Israel could be redeemed by the seller or a relative before the Jubilee year. This preserved tribal inheritance withi","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-67"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Separate Terumah (priestly portion) from produce","he":"תְּרוּמָה גְּדוֹלָה","ref":"Deut 18:4","desc":"A portion of all agricultural produce was set aside for the Kohanim (priests). Consuming untithed produce (Tevel) was forbidden.","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-68"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Give the first tithe to the Levites (Maaser Rishon)","he":"מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן","ref":"Num 18:24","desc":"One tenth of all crops was given to the Levites as their portion, since they received no tribal land inheritance and devoted thems","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-69"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Levites give a tithe of their tithe to Kohanim","he":"מַעֲשַׂר מֵהַמַּעֲשֵׂר","ref":"Num 18:26","desc":"The Levites in turn separated one tenth of what they received and gave it to the Kohanim as Terumah from the tithe (Terumat Maaser","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-70"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Set aside the second tithe (Maaser Sheni)","he":"מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי","ref":"Deut 14:22","desc":"A second tithe was taken to Jerusalem and eaten there by the owner in a spirit of rejoicing. If the journey was too long, it could","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-71"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Give the poor tithe (Maaser Ani) in years 3 and 6","he":"מַעֲשֵׂר עָנִי","ref":"Deut 14:28","desc":"In the third and sixth years of the sabbatical cycle, the second tithe was replaced by a poor tithe, distributed to the Levites, s","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-72"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Separate Challah (dough portion) for the Kohen","he":"חַלָּה","ref":"Num 15:20","desc":"A portion of every dough made from the five grains must be separated and given to a Kohen. Today, a symbolic portion is separated ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-73"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Leave the corners of fields for the poor (Peah)","he":"פֵּאָה","ref":"Lev 19:9","desc":"The corners of every harvest field must be left unharvested for the poor to collect. Generosity to the poor is built into the agri","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-74"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Leave fallen gleanings for the poor (Leket)","he":"לֶקֶט","ref":"Lev 19:9","desc":"Stalks of grain that fall during harvesting must be left for the poor to collect. The farmer is obligated not to pick them up, tru","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-75"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Leave forgotten sheaves in the field (Shikcha)","he":"שִׁכְחָה","ref":"Deut 24:19","desc":"Sheaves of grain forgotten in the field during harvest must be left for the poor. This \"forgetting\" is considered a virtue rather ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-76"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Leave fallen grapes for the poor (Peret)","he":"פֶּרֶט הַכֶּרֶם","ref":"Lev 19:10","desc":"Individual grapes that fall during the grape harvest must be left for the poor. Like Peah and Leket, this is part of the Torah's s","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-77"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Leave small grape clusters for the poor (Olelot)","he":"עוֹלְלוֹת הַכֶּרֶם","ref":"Lev 19:10","desc":"Underdeveloped grape clusters without shoulders or main bunches must be left for the poor — even if the owner would prefer to harv","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-78"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Bring First Fruits to the Temple (Bikkurim)","he":"בִּכּוּרִים","ref":"Ex 23:19","desc":"The first ripened fruits of the seven species of Israel were brought to the Temple in Jerusalem in a festive procession, expressin","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-79"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Permit all to eat Sabbatical year produce","he":"שְׁמִטַּת כְּסָפִים","ref":"Ex 23:11","desc":"During the Shemitah year, all agricultural produce is ownerless and must be made freely available to anyone. The social equality o","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-80"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Honor the Kohanim","he":"כְּבוֹד כֹּהֲנִים","ref":"Lev 21:8","desc":"The Kohanim are to be treated with special honor as God's representatives. They are given priority in Torah readings, blessings, a","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-81"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Kohanim bless Israel (Duchening)","he":"בִּרְכַּת כֹּהֲנִים","ref":"Num 6:23","desc":"The Kohanim bless the Children of Israel with the three-fold Priestly Blessing (Birkat Kohanim) daily in Israel and on holidays in","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-82"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Levites sing in the Temple","he":"עֲבוֹדַת הַלְוִיִּם","ref":"Num 18:6","desc":"The Levites served as the Temple choir and orchestra, singing Psalms and playing instruments during the daily sacrificial service.","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-83"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Immerse in a Mikveh for purification","he":"טְבִילָה בְּמִקְוֶה","ref":"Lev 15:16","desc":"Ritual immersion in a mikveh (pool of natural water) purifies from various states of ritual impurity. It symbolizes spiritual rene","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-84"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Woman immerses after childbirth","he":"טָהֳרַת יוֹלֶדֶת","ref":"Lev 12:6","desc":"After childbirth, a woman brings offerings and immerses in a mikveh. This ritual marks the transition back to full ritual particip","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-85"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Woman immerses after menstrual period (Niddah)","he":"טָהֳרַת נִדָּה","ref":"Lev 15:28","desc":"Following the menstrual period and a counting of seven clean days, a woman immerses in a mikveh. This is one of the central laws o","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-86"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Man with emission immerses in Mikveh","he":"טָהֳרַת זָב","ref":"Lev 15:13","desc":"A man who has experienced certain bodily emissions (Zav) must count seven clean days and immerse in a mikveh. Ritual purity law ap","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-87"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Purification ritual for Metzora (skin affliction)","he":"טָהֳרַת מְצֹרָע","ref":"Lev 14:2","desc":"The purification process for the Metzora (one with a skin affliction) involves a complex ritual with birds, cedar wood, scarlet th","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-88"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Red Heifer purification from corpse impurity","he":"פָּרָה אֲדֻמָּה","ref":"Num 19:2","desc":"The ashes of an unblemished red heifer mixed with water purified those contaminated by a corpse. This is considered a \"chok\" — a l","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-89"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Send ritually impure persons outside the camp","he":"שִׁלּוּחַ טְמֵאִים","ref":"Num 5:2","desc":"Three categories of impure persons were excluded from different parts of the camp. This taught that holiness of space requires att","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-90"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of impurity of garments","he":"טֻמְאַת בְּגָדִים","ref":"Lev 13:47","desc":"Garments afflicted with certain discolorations were examined by a Kohen and could be declared impure, requiring burning or washing","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-91"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of impurity of houses","he":"טֻמְאַת בָּתִּים","ref":"Lev 14:34","desc":"Houses afflicted with certain discolorations in the Land of Israel were inspected by a Kohen; persistent cases required demolition","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-92"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Identify signs of kosher animals","he":"בְּהֵמוֹת טְהוֹרוֹת","ref":"Lev 11:2","desc":"Kosher land animals must have split hooves and chew their cud. Both signs must be present. Knowing these signs is itself commanded","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-93"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Identify signs of kosher fish","he":"סִימָנֵי דָּגִים","ref":"Lev 11:9","desc":"Kosher fish must have both fins and scales. This includes most common fish but excludes shellfish, catfish, and other non-scaled s","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-94"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Identify signs of kosher birds","he":"סִימָנֵי עוֹפוֹת","ref":"Lev 11:13","desc":"The Torah lists specific non-kosher birds; all others are permitted. Tradition identifies kosher birds by having a crop, gizzard, ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-95"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Identify signs of kosher locusts","he":"סִימָנֵי חֲגָבִים","ref":"Lev 11:21","desc":"Certain locusts with four legs and knees that extend for jumping are kosher. Yemenite and some Sephardic communities maintain the ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-96"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Slaughter animals according to Shechita","he":"שְׁחִיטָה","ref":"Deut 12:21","desc":"Ritual slaughter (Shechita) requires a swift, uninterrupted cut across the throat with a perfectly sharp blade. It minimizes anima","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-97"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Cover the blood of slaughtered bird or wild animal","he":"כִּסּוּי הַדָּם","ref":"Lev 17:13","desc":"After slaughtering a wild animal or bird, the blood must be covered with earth. Blood represents life, which belongs to God, not t","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-98"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Send away the mother bird before taking eggs (Shiluach HaKen)","he":"שִׁלּוּחַ הַקֵּן","ref":"Deut 22:7","desc":"Before taking eggs or chicks from a nest, the mother bird must be sent away. The Torah promises long life for this act, cultivatin","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-99"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Check the knife before Shechita","he":"בְּדִיקַת סַכִּין","ref":"Deut 12:21","desc":"The slaughtering knife must be inspected for any nicks or imperfections before use. Any defect would cause pain to the animal and ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-100"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Redeem the firstborn son (Pidyon HaBen)","he":"פִּדְיוֹן הַבֵּן","ref":"Ex 13:13","desc":"The firstborn son belongs to God and must be redeemed from the Kohen on the 31st day of life. Five silver coins are given to the K","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-101"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Redeem the firstborn donkey","he":"פֶּטֶר חֲמוֹר","ref":"Ex 34:20","desc":"The firstborn of a donkey must be redeemed with a lamb given to a Kohen. If not redeemed, its neck must be broken — it cannot simp","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-102"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Redeem dedicated objects that cannot be offered","he":"פִּדְיוֹן קָדָשִׁים","ref":"Lev 27:27","desc":"Objects dedicated to the Temple but unsuitable for sacrifice could be redeemed by paying their value plus a fifth. This prevented ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-103"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Bring firstborn kosher animals to the Temple","he":"בְּכוֹר בְּהֵמָה","ref":"Deut 15:19","desc":"Firstborn kosher animals were given to the Kohen and offered as a sacrifice. If blemished, they could still be given to the Kohen ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-104"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Give first shearing of sheep to the Kohen (Reishit HaGez)","he":"רֵאשִׁית הַגֵּז","ref":"Deut 18:4","desc":"The first shearing of one's flock each year was given to the Kohanim. This ensured that even pastoral activities contributed to su","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-105"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of the burnt offering (Olah)","he":"קָרְבַּן עוֹלָה","ref":"Lev 1:2","desc":"The burnt offering (Olah) was completely consumed by fire on the altar — nothing was eaten. It expressed total devotion to God wit","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-106"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of the meal offering (Mincha)","he":"קָרְבַּן מִנְחָה","ref":"Lev 2:1","desc":"The meal offering — made from flour, oil, and spices — allowed even the poor to bring an offering. God accepts it as fully as the ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-107"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of the peace offering (Shelamim)","he":"קָרְבַּן שְׁלָמִים","ref":"Lev 3:1","desc":"The peace offering was shared between God (the fats on the altar), the Kohen (breast and thigh), and the worshipper. It symbolized","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-108"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of the sin offering (Chatat)","he":"קָרְבַּן חַטָּאת","ref":"Lev 4:2","desc":"The sin offering atoned for inadvertent violations of negative commandments. It required acknowledgment of the sin and expressed t","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-109"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of the guilt offering (Asham)","he":"קָרְבַּן אָשָׁם","ref":"Lev 5:15","desc":"The guilt offering atoned for certain specific sins including misappropriation of Temple property, uncertain sins, and specific oa","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-110"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Sliding-scale offerings based on ability to pay","he":"קָרְבַּן עוֹלֶה וְיוֹרֵד","ref":"Lev 5:7","desc":"For certain sins, the required offering was adjusted to the transgressor's financial means — wealthy brought an animal, the middle","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-111"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Confess sins verbally when bringing offerings","he":"וִדּוּי עַל הַקָּרְבָּן","ref":"Lev 5:5","desc":"Verbal confession (vidui) accompanied all atoning sacrifices. The rabbis established verbal confession as an essential component o","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-112"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Additional Musaf offering on Shabbat and Holidays","he":"קָרְבַּן מוּסָף","ref":"Num 28:9","desc":"An additional sacrifice (Musaf) was offered every Shabbat, Rosh Chodesh, and Holiday in addition to the daily Tamid. Today it is r","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-113"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Burn the fats of offerings on the altar","he":"הַקְטָרַת חֵלֶב","ref":"Lev 1:9","desc":"Certain internal fats (chelev) of sacrificial animals were burned on the altar as God's portion. These same fats are forbidden for","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-114"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Kohanim receive portions of offerings","he":"מַתְּנוֹת כְּהֻנָּה","ref":"Num 18:11","desc":"Kohanim received specified portions from various offerings and from the slaughter of non-sacred animals. These gifts sustained the","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-115"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Fulfill vows made to God","he":"קִיּוּם נְדָרִים","ref":"Deut 23:24","desc":"Vows (Nedarim) and pledges to God must be fulfilled promptly. The Torah warns that it is better not to vow than to vow and not ful","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-116"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Fulfill oaths","he":"שְׁבוּעַת אֱמֶת","ref":"Deut 23:24","desc":"Oaths (Shevuot) invoke God's name and must be kept faithfully. Torah law distinguishes many types of oaths, each with specific con","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-117"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Annulment of vows by a rabbinic court","he":"הֲפָרַת נְדָרִים","ref":"Num 30:3","desc":"A rabbinical court of three can annul vows under certain conditions of regret. The annual Kol Nidre prayer on Yom Kippur requests ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-118"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Be fruitful and multiply (procreation)","he":"פְּרִיָּה וּרְבִיָּה","ref":"Gen 1:28","desc":"The very first commandment given to humanity. Halacha requires at least one son and one daughter. This mitzvah ensures the continu","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-119"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Marry through Kiddushin","he":"קִדּוּשִׁין","ref":"Deut 24:1","desc":"Marriage is effected through a formal act of Kiddushin (betrothal), traditionally involving a ring and a declaration before witnes","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-120"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Levirate marriage (Yibbum)","he":"יִבּוּם","ref":"Deut 25:5","desc":"If a married man dies childless, his brother is obligated to marry the widow (Yibbum) to continue the deceased's name and legacy w","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-121"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Chalitzah (release from levirate marriage)","he":"חֲלִיצָה","ref":"Deut 25:9","desc":"If the brother-in-law refuses Yibbum, a ceremony called Chalitzah releases both parties. Today Chalitzah is standard practice; Yib","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-122"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Husband's obligations to wife (Ketubah)","he":"כְּתֻבָּה","ref":"Ex 21:10","desc":"A husband must provide his wife with food, clothing, and conjugal rights. The Ketubah (marriage contract) formalizes these obligat","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-123"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Divorce requires a Get (bill of divorce)","he":"גֵּרוּשִׁין","ref":"Deut 24:1","desc":"An Israelite divorce requires a Get — a formal document written by a scribe and delivered by the husband to the wife before witnes","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-124"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Love your neighbor as yourself","he":"וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ","ref":"Lev 19:18","desc":"Rabbi Akiva called this the greatest principle of the Torah. It commands treating every person with the same care and concern one ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-125"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Love the convert (Ger)","he":"וַאֲהַבְתֶּם אֶת הַגֵּר","ref":"Deut 10:19","desc":"The Torah commands loving converts with special warmth, reminding Israel: \"You were strangers in Egypt.\" Converts are mentioned 36","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-126"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Give charity (Tzedakah)","he":"צְדָקָה","ref":"Deut 15:11","desc":"The Torah requires giving to the poor — the Hebrew word \"tzedakah\" means justice, not charity. Giving is not optional generosity b","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-127"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Lend money to the poor without interest","he":"הַלְוָאָה","ref":"Ex 22:24","desc":"Torah law requires lending to those in need without charging interest. Hillel's Prozbul legal device ensured loans would still be ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-128"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Free a Hebrew slave after six years","he":"שִׁלּוּחַ עֶבֶד עִבְרִי","ref":"Ex 21:2","desc":"A Hebrew who sold himself into slavery due to poverty was freed after six years with generous severance gifts. The Torah's slavery","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-129"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Give gifts to a freed slave upon release","he":"הַעֲנָקָה","ref":"Deut 15:14","desc":"When freeing a Hebrew slave, the master must generously equip them with livestock, grain, and wine — ensuring they can restart the","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-130"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Free Hebrew slaves in the Jubilee year","he":"שְׁמִיטַת עֲבָדִים","ref":"Lev 25:41","desc":"All Hebrew slaves were automatically freed during the Jubilee year. This radical social reset prevented permanent servitude and af","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-131"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Honor father and mother","he":"כִּבּוּד אָב וָאֵם","ref":"Ex 20:12","desc":"The fifth of the Ten Commandments. Honoring parents means providing for their material and emotional needs. The Torah promises lon","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-132"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Revere father and mother","he":"מוֹרָא אָב וָאֵם","ref":"Lev 19:3","desc":"Beyond honor (Kavod), one must also stand in awe (Mora) of parents — not sitting in their place, not contradicting them. Reverence","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-133"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Honor Torah scholars","he":"פְּרִיָּה וּרְבִיָּה","ref":"Lev 19:32","desc":"One must rise before and show deference to Torah scholars and elderly people. The visible honor given to scholars encourages pursu","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-134"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Rebuke your neighbor","he":"הוֹכָחָה","ref":"Lev 19:17","desc":"If someone sins, one is obligated to rebuke them gently and privately. Staying silent is itself a form of participation in the sin","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-135"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Execute lashes for punishable offenses","he":"בִּזְיוֹן הָרָשָׁע","ref":"Deut 25:2","desc":"A court could sentence up to 39 lashes for certain violations. This punishment preserved human dignity (no excessive punishment) w","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-136"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Appoint judges in every city","he":"מִנּוּי שׁוֹפְטִים","ref":"Deut 16:18","desc":"Every city in Israel was required to establish its own court. Access to justice must be local and immediate — the Torah does not a","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-137"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Pursue justice","he":"צֶדֶק צֶדֶק תִּרְדֹּף","ref":"Deut 16:20","desc":"The Torah commands not merely to do justice but to pursue it — actively seeking righteous outcomes. A judge must go beyond the let","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-138"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Judge with righteous judgment","he":"מִשְׁפַּט צֶדֶק","ref":"Lev 19:15","desc":"Judges must rule impartially: not favoring the rich or pitying the poor, not taking bribes, and giving equal weight to testimony f","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-139"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Testify in court when you have evidence","he":"עֵדוּת","ref":"Lev 5:1","desc":"Withholding testimony in a court case where one has relevant evidence is a sin. Bearing witness when called upon is an active obli","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-140"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Establish the Great Sanhedrin","he":"סַנְהֶדְרִין","ref":"Deut 17:11","desc":"A Supreme Court of 71 sages was to sit in the Temple. They resolved all major disputes and ensured unified application of Torah la","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-141"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Appoint a king when in Israel","he":"מִנּוּי מֶלֶךְ","ref":"Deut 17:15","desc":"When settled in the Land of Israel, the Children of Israel are commanded to appoint a king from among their brethren. The king mus","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-142"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Honor and revere the king","he":"כִּבּוּד הַמֶּלֶךְ","ref":"Deut 17:11","desc":"The Israelite king was to be treated with great honor — not as a political figure but as God's appointed representative responsibl","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-143"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Mark off property boundaries properly","he":"הֲקָמַת גְּבוּלוֹת","ref":"Deut 19:14","desc":"Property boundaries must be established and maintained honestly. Moving boundary markers (Hasagat Gevul) is the classic Torah imag","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-144"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Wage mandatory war when required","he":"מִלְחֶמֶת מִצְוָה","ref":"Deut 20:1","desc":"There are wars the Torah requires, particularly defense against attackers and the conquest of Canaan. The Israelite soldier was re","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-145"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Keep the military camp spiritually pure","he":"שִׁמְרַת הַמַּחֲנֶה","ref":"Deut 23:10","desc":"The Torah's military code required spiritual discipline: waste was buried, ritual impurity was managed, and God's presence in the ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-146"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Offer peace before attacking a city","he":"קְרִיאַת שָׁלוֹם","ref":"Deut 20:10","desc":"Before besieging a city, the Israelite army was required to first offer peace terms. War was always a last resort, never an ambiti","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-147"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Observe all laws of the Nazirite vow","he":"נָזִיר","ref":"Num 6:2","desc":"One who takes a Nazirite vow must abstain from wine and grape products, refrain from cutting hair, and avoid contact with the dead","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-148"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Nazirite shaves head at end of vow","he":"גִּלּוּחַ נָזִיר","ref":"Num 6:18","desc":"When the Nazirite period ends, the individual shaves their head and burns the hair under the peace offering. This marks the comple","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-149"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Use honest weights and measures","he":"מִשְׁקָלוֹת וּמִדּוֹת","ref":"Lev 19:36","desc":"All commercial measures — weights, lengths, volumes — must be accurate and honest. Dishonest weights are described in Proverbs as ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-150"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Remember the Exodus from Egypt daily","he":"שַׁבָּת הַגָּדוֹל","ref":"Deut 16:3","desc":"Every day, the Exodus from Egypt is to be mentioned — most prominently in the Shema's third paragraph and Kiddush. The memory of r","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-151"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Sanctify the new month (Rosh Chodesh)","he":"קִדּוּשׁ הַחֹדֶשׁ","ref":"Ex 12:2","desc":"The Hebrew calendar begins with the sanctification of each new month by the rabbinic court. The lunar calendar anchors Israelite l","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-152"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Observe additional Shabbat rest","he":"שַׁבַּת הַשַּׁבָּתוֹן","ref":"Lev 23:3","desc":"Shabbat is to be a complete day of rest — not merely ceasing creative work but creating an atmosphere of holiness, family, and spi","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-153"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Repent and return to God","he":"תְּשׁוּבָה","ref":"Num 5:7","desc":"The Torah commands repentance (Teshuva) — recognizing sin, feeling remorse, confessing verbally, and committing to change. Repenta","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-154"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Confess sins verbally","he":"וִדּוּי","ref":"Num 5:7","desc":"Verbal confession (Vidui) is a required part of repentance. Simply feeling regret is insufficient; one must articulate the wrong t","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-155"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Write a Torah scroll","he":"כְּתִיבַת סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה","ref":"Deut 31:19","desc":"The obligation to write (or have written) a Torah scroll is personal. In practice, purchasing Torah books fulfills the spirit of t","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-156"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Work the land for six years","he":"מִצְוַת שְׁמִיטָה","ref":"Ex 23:10","desc":"The Torah commands six years of agricultural labor, after which the land rests. Productivity and rest are both commanded — neither","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-157"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Examine birds for kosher signs","he":"שֶׁרֶץ הָעוֹף","ref":"Lev 11:13","desc":"The list of forbidden birds was given to ensure people examined them carefully. Learning to identify kosher birds required active ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-158"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Examine animals for kosher signs","he":"בִּדְקַת בְּהֵמוֹת","ref":"Lev 11:2","desc":"Inspecting animals for the signs of kosher status (split hooves and cud-chewing) requires active knowledge rather than passive ass","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-159"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of Orlah (first three years of fruit)","he":"פֵּרוֹת עָרְלָה","ref":"Lev 19:23","desc":"Fruit from a tree's first three years is forbidden (Orlah). The fourth year's fruit is sacred and brought to Jerusalem. From the f","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-160"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Redeem fourth-year fruit for eating in Jerusalem","he":"נֶטַע רְבָעִי","ref":"Lev 19:24","desc":"Fruit from a tree's fourth year was treated as the second tithe and either brought to Jerusalem for eating or redeemed with coins.","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-161"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Bring Bikkurim from all seven species","he":"בִּכּוּרֵי הַכֶּרֶם","ref":"Ex 23:19","desc":"First fruits of the seven species for which Israel is praised — wheat, barley, grapes, figs, pomegranates, olives, and dates — wer","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-162"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Dedicate a new house","he":"חֲנֻכַּת הַבַּיִת","ref":"Deut 20:5","desc":"One who builds a new house should dedicate it. This became the tradition of affixing a mezuzah at the housewarming.","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-163"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Guard against spiritual danger","he":"מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה לִשְׁמֹר","ref":"Deut 4:9","desc":"One must take care of one's health and safety. The positive obligation to guard oneself precedes all the specific negative prohibi","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-164"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Build a parapet (fence) on a flat roof","he":"מַעֲקֶה","ref":"Deut 22:8","desc":"A roof accessible to people must have a safety fence (Maakeh). This is the Torah's foundational safety law, extended to all potent","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-165"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Return lost property","he":"הַשְׁבַּת אֲבֵדָה","ref":"Deut 22:1","desc":"Finding someone's lost object creates a positive obligation to care for it and return it. Keeping it is theft; ignoring it violate","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-166"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Help unload an animal collapsing under its burden","he":"פְּרִיקַת מַשָּׂא","ref":"Ex 23:5","desc":"If you see an animal — even an enemy's — buckling under its load, you must help relieve it. Compassion for animals is a Torah obli","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-167"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Help load an animal's burden","he":"טְעִינָה","ref":"Deut 22:4","desc":"Beyond unloading, one must also help a person load their animal. Active assistance to others in need is a positive Torah value, no","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-168"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Return stolen goods","he":"הֲשָׁבַת גְּזֵלָה","ref":"Lev 5:23","desc":"One who stole must return the stolen item in its original form if possible. If not, full monetary compensation is required. Restit","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-169"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Pay damages for injury caused","he":"תַּשְׁלוּמֵי נֶזֶק","ref":"Ex 21:19","desc":"One who injures another must compensate for five categories of damage: the injury itself, pain, medical expenses, lost work, and h","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-170"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of houses in walled cities","he":"מְכִירַת בַּיִת בְּעִיר חוֹמָה","ref":"Lev 25:29","desc":"A house sold within a walled city could be redeemed within one year. If not redeemed, it became the buyer's permanently, unlike ru","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-171"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Redeem a Hebrew who sold himself to a non-Israelite","he":"גְּאֻלַּת עֶבֶד","ref":"Lev 25:48","desc":"If an Israelite was forced to sell himself to a non-Jew, his relatives — or he himself — had the obligation to redeem him as soon ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-172"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Help raise a fallen animal","he":"הָקֵם תָּקִים","ref":"Deut 22:4","desc":"Seeing an animal that has fallen under its load creates a mandatory obligation to help raise it up — reflecting the Torah's concer","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-173"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws against overcharging (Onaah)","he":"דִּינֵי אֹנָאָה","ref":"Lev 25:14","desc":"Buying or selling must be done at fair market value. Overcharging by more than one-sixth (or undervaluing) gives the injured party","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-174"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Pay wages on time","he":"הֲלָכוֹת שָׁכִיר","ref":"Deut 24:15","desc":"Workers must be paid on the same day — \"the sun shall not set on his wages.\" Delaying payment exploits those who live paycheck to ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-175"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Fulfill oaths taken in court","he":"שְׁבוּעַת שָׁוְא","ref":"Ex 23:1","desc":"Any oath made in legal proceedings must be honored. The court's authority depends on the sanctity of oaths and truthful testimony.","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-176"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Circumcision (Brit Milah)","he":"מִצְוַת מִילָה","ref":"Gen 17:10","desc":"The covenant of circumcision on the eighth day seals the physical bond between God and Abraham's descendants. It is the foundation","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-177"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Rise before Torah scholars","he":"כִּבּוּד תַּלְמִיד חָכָם","ref":"Lev 19:32","desc":"One must stand up in the presence of Torah scholars and the elderly. This visible honor affirms that wisdom and age are values the","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-178"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Acts of loving-kindness (Gemilut Chasadim)","he":"גְּמִילוּת חֲסָדִים","ref":"Lev 19:18","desc":"Beyond charity, Gemilut Chasadim includes acts that cannot be repaid — visiting the sick, comforting mourners, burying the dead, h","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-179"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Visit the sick","he":"בִּקּוּר חוֹלִים","ref":"Deut 13:5","desc":"Visiting the sick (Bikur Cholim) is derived from God's visit to Abraham after his circumcision. It relieves suffering and reflects","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-180"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Bury the dead promptly","he":"קְבוּרַת מֵתִים","ref":"Deut 21:23","desc":"The dead must be buried on the day of death if possible. Leaving a body unburied shows disrespect. The Mitzvah of burying the dead","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-181"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Hospitality to guests","he":"הַכְנָסַת אוֹרְחִים","ref":"Gen 18:3","desc":"Derived from Abraham's running to welcome the three angels, hospitality is a cornerstone of Hebrew ethics. The Talmud says Abraham","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-182"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws governing the Hebrew male slave","he":"מִצְוַת עֶבֶד עִבְרִי","ref":"Ex 21:2","desc":"A Hebrew man who sold himself into slavery due to poverty served for six years. He was treated not as property but as a family mem","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-183"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws governing the Hebrew female slave","he":"מִצְוַת אָמָה עִבְרִיָּה","ref":"Ex 21:7","desc":"A young woman sold by her father into indentured service had rights her male counterpart did not — the master or his son was oblig","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-184"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of the intentional murderer","he":"דִּין רוֹצֵחַ","ref":"Num 35:16","desc":"The court must investigate and adjudicate all homicide cases. Intentional murder carried the death penalty; the system required ri","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-185"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Exile unintentional killer to a city of refuge","he":"גּוֹלֶה לְעִיר מִקְלָט","ref":"Num 35:11","desc":"One who killed accidentally was exiled to one of six cities of refuge until the death of the High Priest. This protected against b","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-186"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Establish and maintain the six cities of refuge","he":"הֲכָנַת עָרֵי מִקְלָט","ref":"Deut 19:3","desc":"Six Levitical cities were designated as places of refuge. Roads to them were to be well-maintained and clearly marked so the accid","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-187"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Levites serve in the cities of refuge","he":"גְּלוּת בֵּן לֵוִי","ref":"Num 35:6","desc":"The cities of refuge were Levitical cities. The Levites living there were to provide care and instruction to the exiles during the","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-188"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Redeeming sold property from a Kohen","he":"פִּדְיוֹן גְּאוּלַּת קַרְקַע","ref":"Lev 25:29","desc":"Laws of property sale and redemption in Israel were designed to keep ancestral lands within tribal families, preventing permanent ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-189"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Perform the heifer-neck-breaking ceremony (Eglah Arufah)","he":"עֶגְלָה עֲרוּפָה","ref":"Deut 21:1","desc":"When a murder victim is found with no known killer, the elders of the nearest city perform a ceremony with a heifer to publicly de","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-190"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Divorce laws and get procedures","he":"דִּין גֵּרוּשִׁין","ref":"Deut 24:1","desc":"The Torah regulates divorce to protect both parties. A man could divorce his wife only through a formal Get document; arbitrary ab","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-191"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws regarding the captive woman (Yefat Toar)","he":"יֶפַת תֹּאַר","ref":"Deut 21:11","desc":"A soldier attracted to a captive enemy woman was permitted to marry her only after a waiting period, conversion, and mourning for ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-192"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Firstborn son receives double inheritance","he":"דִּין בְּכוֹר","ref":"Deut 21:17","desc":"The firstborn son inherits a double portion of the father's estate. This law prevented fathers from arbitrarily disinheriting the ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-193"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of the rebellious son (Ben Sorer Umoreh)","he":"דִּין בֵּן סוֹרֵר","ref":"Deut 21:18","desc":"A persistently rebellious son could be brought before the court by both parents. The rabbis set the standards so high that this la","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-194"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Bury an executed criminal on the day of death","he":"קְבוּרַת נִתְלֶה","ref":"Deut 21:23","desc":"Even a criminal executed by the court must be buried before nightfall. The body is not to be left hanging overnight — human dignit","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-195"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Return lost objects to their owner","he":"הַשְׁבַּת מְצִיאָה","ref":"Deut 22:1","desc":"Finding a lost object creates a mandatory obligation to care for it and make efforts to find and return it to its owner. The detai","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-196"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Unload a struggling animal","he":"פְּרִיקַת חֲמוֹר","ref":"Ex 23:5","desc":"Even seeing your enemy's animal struggling under a load requires you to stop and help. Compassion — for animals and for enemies — ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-197"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of Kilayim (mixed species)","he":"מִצְוַת כִּלְאַיִם","ref":"Lev 19:19","desc":"Various mixtures are regulated by Torah law: plowing with an ox and donkey together, wearing wool and linen (shatnez), and plantin","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-198"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Check garments for Shatnez (wool-linen mixture)","he":"שַׁעַטְנֵז","ref":"Deut 22:11","desc":"Garments may not contain both wool and linen woven together. This commandment is classified as a chok — a divine decree without a ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-199"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Attach Tzitzit to four-cornered garments","he":"צִיצִית לַבֶּגֶד","ref":"Num 15:38","desc":"Four-cornered garments require fringes (Tzitzit) at each corner. Today the Tallit and Tallit Katan are the primary garments to whi","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-200"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Affix Mezuzah to doorposts","he":"מְזוּזָה לַבַּיִת","ref":"Deut 6:9","desc":"The mezuzah contains the Shema and V'ahavta passages. It transforms the home into sacred space and serves as a constant reminder o","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-201"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Teach children Torah","he":"תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה לַבָּנִים","ref":"Deut 6:7","desc":"Parents and teachers bear the primary obligation to transmit Torah knowledge to the next generation. Hebrew civilization is built ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-202"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Honor the elderly","he":"כְּבוֹד הַזְּקֵנִים","ref":"Lev 19:32","desc":"One must rise before those who are elderly. Age represents accumulated wisdom and experience; honoring the old affirms the value o","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-203"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Sit (dwell) in the Sukkah all seven days","he":"שֵׁבֶת בְּסֻכָּה","ref":"Lev 23:42","desc":"Living in the sukkah for seven days means treating it as one's primary residence — eating, and ideally sleeping, there throughout ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-204"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Wave the Lulav and Etrog","he":"לֻלָב וְאֶתְרוֹג","ref":"Lev 23:40","desc":"The four species are waved in six directions during Hallel prayers, symbolizing God's presence everywhere. The Etrog's fragrance a","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-205"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Hear the Shofar on Rosh Hashanah","he":"שׁוֹפָר בְּרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה","ref":"Num 29:1","desc":"The Torah commands hearing (not just blowing) the shofar on Rosh Hashanah. The piercing sound awakens the soul to judgment, repent","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-206"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Fast on Yom Kippur","he":"תַּעֲנִית יוֹם כִּפּוּר","ref":"Lev 23:27","desc":"The five afflictions of Yom Kippur (no eating/drinking, bathing, anointing, leather shoes, or marital relations) create a day of p","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-207"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Dwell in the sukkah (positive form)","he":"תֵּשְׁבוּ בַּסֻּכּוֹת","ref":"Lev 23:42","desc":"This verse directly commands dwelling in booths. The rabbis derived that women, children, and the ill are partially or fully exemp","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-208"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Assemble for Torah reading in Hakhel year","he":"הַקְהֵל בְּשְׁמִיטָה","ref":"Deut 31:12","desc":"At the end of every seventh year, the entire Children of Israel — men, women, and children — gathered at the Temple to hear the ki","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-209"},{"t":"cmd","title":"King writes a personal Torah scroll","he":"כְּתִיבַת שִׁירַת הָאֲזִינוּ","ref":"Deut 17:18","desc":"The king was required to write a Torah scroll personally — one for his treasury and one to carry with him always, ensuring his lea","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-210"},{"t":"cmd","title":"King reads Torah aloud at Hakhel","he":"קְרִיאַת הַמֶּלֶךְ","ref":"Deut 31:11","desc":"During the Hakhel assembly, it was the king's specific role to read publicly from Deuteronomy. This dramatized the Israelite ideal","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-211"},{"t":"cmd","title":"King must not amass excessive wealth or horses","he":"שְׁמִירַת חֻקֵּי הַמֶּלֶךְ","ref":"Deut 17:16","desc":"The Torah explicitly limits the king: not too many horses, wives, or gold and silver. Power was to serve justice, not personal agg","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-212"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Build the Temple in Jerusalem","he":"בְּנִיַּת בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ","ref":"Ex 25:8","desc":"The Temple was to be built in Jerusalem as the permanent dwelling of God's presence. Its construction fulfilled the promise of the","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-213"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Keep the altar fire burning","he":"אֵשׁ עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ","ref":"Lev 6:6","desc":"Kohanim were to add wood to the altar fire each morning. The perpetual flame represented God's unceasing presence and Israel's uni","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-214"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Offer two Tamid sacrifices daily","he":"שְׁנֵי תְמִידִים","ref":"Num 28:4","desc":"One lamb was offered at dawn and one at dusk each day — the Tamid. This was so central that the Talmud warns the Tamid must never ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-215"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Kohen Gadol performs Yom Kippur Temple service","he":"כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל — עֲבוֹדַת יוֹם כִּפּוּר","ref":"Lev 16:3","desc":"The High Priest's elaborate Yom Kippur service — entering the Holy of Holies, the two goats, incense cloud, blood sprinkling — was","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-216"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Prepare the Temple anointing oil","he":"שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה","ref":"Ex 30:25","desc":"A specific formula of olive oil and spices was used to anoint the Tabernacle vessels, the Kohanim at their inauguration, and the k","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-217"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Prepare the incense (Ketoret)","he":"קְטֹרֶת הַסַּמִּים","ref":"Ex 30:34","desc":"The incense had eleven specific spices in precise proportions, one of which (Chelbanah) had an unpleasant smell — teaching that ev","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-218"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Light the Temple Menorah","he":"נֵר הַמְּנוֹרָה","ref":"Ex 27:20","desc":"The Menorah's seven lamps were lit every day at dusk. The western lamp was kept burning perpetually, symbolizing God's eternal cov","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-219"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Set out the Showbread (Lechem HaPanim)","he":"לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים","ref":"Ex 25:30","desc":"Twelve loaves were arranged on the golden table in the Temple each Shabbat and remained fresh throughout the week. The High Priest","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-220"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Additional Musaf offering on Shabbat","he":"מוּסַף שַׁבָּת","ref":"Num 28:9","desc":"Two additional lambs were offered each Shabbat in the Temple, beyond the daily Tamid. Today the Musaf prayer service on Shabbat an","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-221"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Additional offering on Rosh Chodesh (new month)","he":"מוּסַף חֳדָשִׁים","ref":"Num 28:11","desc":"Rosh Chodesh, the new month, had its own additional offering. The renewal of the moon represents renewal and hope — important them","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-222"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Festival Musaf offerings","he":"מוּסַף הָרְגָלִים","ref":"Num 28:16","desc":"Each of the three pilgrimage festivals (Passover, Shavuot, Sukkot) had its own Musaf offering in the Temple, reflecting the unique","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-223"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Musaf offering on Rosh Hashanah","he":"מוּסַף רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה","ref":"Num 29:1","desc":"Rosh Hashanah had its own unique Musaf offering. Unlike other festivals, its liturgy emphasizes Kingship, Remembrance, and Shofar ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-224"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Musaf offering on Yom Kippur","he":"מוּסַף יוֹם כִּפּוּר","ref":"Num 29:7","desc":"Yom Kippur's Musaf was part of the Kohen Gadol's elaborate service. Unlike all other days, the High Priest alone performed this se","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-225"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Passover burnt offering","he":"עֹלַת פֶּסַח","ref":"Num 28:19","desc":"In addition to the Passover lamb, additional burnt offerings were made on each day of Passover. These communal sacrifices expresse","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-226"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Shavuot burnt offering","he":"עֹלַת שָׁבוּעוֹת","ref":"Num 28:26","desc":"Special burnt offerings were brought on Shavuot along with the Two Loaves wave offering. The combination celebrated both the grain","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-227"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Sukkot burnt offerings (70 bulls over 7 days)","he":"עֹלַת סֻכּוֹת","ref":"Num 29:13","desc":"A decreasing count of 70 bulls was offered over the seven days of Sukkot. The rabbis note that 70 corresponds to the 70 nations, m","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-228"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Festival peace offering (Chagigah)","he":"חֲגִיגָה","ref":"Deut 16:14","desc":"Every Israelite male was required to bring a peace offering when appearing at the Temple for the three pilgrimage festivals. Joy e","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-229"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Evaluation vow (Erech) — donating one's value to Temple","he":"כֶּסֶף עֶרְכְּךָ","ref":"Lev 27:2","desc":"One could vow to donate their \"value\" (Erech) to the Temple, with a fixed monetary amount determined by age and gender according t","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-230"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of devoted property (Cherem)","he":"חֵרֶם","ref":"Lev 27:28","desc":"Property entirely devoted (Cherem) to God could not be redeemed; it became the permanent property of the Temple and Kohanim. This ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-231"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Redemption of Temple-dedicated animals with blemishes","he":"עֶרְכֵּי תְמִימִים","ref":"Lev 27:11","desc":"An animal dedicated to the Temple that developed a blemish could be redeemed for its monetary value. The redeemer added one-fifth ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-232"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Redemption of minor sanctified items","he":"פִּדְיוֹן קֳדָשִׁים קַלִּים","ref":"Lev 27:15","desc":"Houses, fields, and other property dedicated to God could be redeemed under specific conditions with added payment. This prevented","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-233"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of bailment and safekeeping","he":"דִּינֵי שְׁמִירָה","ref":"Ex 22:6","desc":"The Torah defines four types of guardians (shomrim) with different levels of liability. One who watches another's property has spe","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-234"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of rental and hiring","he":"דִּינֵי שְׂכִירוּת","ref":"Lev 25:50","desc":"The Torah governs both the renting of objects and the hiring of workers. The hired worker's wages must be paid on time; rental ter","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-235"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of loans","he":"דִּינֵי הַלְוָאָה","ref":"Ex 22:24","desc":"Lending to the poor is commanded as charity. The lender cannot claim interest from a fellow Israelite, and the borrower's basic ne","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-236"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of buying and selling","he":"דִּינֵי מְכִירָה","ref":"Lev 25:14","desc":"All commercial transactions are governed by Torah law, including the prohibition on price fraud (Onaah), laws of warranties, and r","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-237"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of testimony","he":"דִּינֵי עֵדוּת","ref":"Deut 19:15","desc":"At least two valid witnesses are required to establish any fact in Torah law. A single witness, no matter how reliable, cannot alo","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-238"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of oaths in court","he":"דִּינֵי שְׁבוּעָה","ref":"Ex 22:10","desc":"Certain legal disputes are resolved through judicial oaths. The Torah specifies who must swear and under what circumstances, given","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-239"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Punish false witnesses with the punishment they sought","he":"עֵדִים זוֹמְמִים","ref":"Deut 19:19","desc":"Witnesses who conspired to falsely condemn someone receive the very punishment they intended for their victim. This principle of \"","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-240"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Laws of damages (four categories of Nezikin)","he":"דִּינֵי נְזִיקִין","ref":"Ex 21:33","desc":"The Talmud's order of Nezikin codifies four primary categories of damage (Shor, Bor, Mav'eh, Hev'er) from which property law deriv","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-241"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Preserve one's own life (Lo Taamod)","he":"שְׁמִירַת גּוּף","ref":"Deut 4:15","desc":"The Torah commands taking care of one's own physical health. Medical treatment, safety precautions, and avoiding danger are all de","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-242"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Emulate God's attributes of compassion","he":"וְהָלַכְתָּ בִּדְרָכָיו","ref":"Deut 10:12","desc":"Just as God clothes the naked, visits the sick, comforts mourners, and buries the dead, so are we obligated to do these acts of ki","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-243"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Make the sukkah one's primary dwelling for seven days","he":"שֶׁבֶת בַּסֻּכָּה","ref":"Lev 23:42","desc":"The sukkah becomes one's home during the festival, not just a place to eat. Rain or extreme cold can exempt one, but the ideal is ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-244"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Long life promised for honoring parents and Shiluach HaKen","he":"אֲרִיכַת יָמִים","ref":"Ex 20:12","desc":"Two mitzvot — honoring parents and sending away the mother bird — share the identical reward of long life in the Torah. The juxtap","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-245"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Choose life — pursue spiritual and physical wellbeing","he":"וּבָחַרְתָּ בַּחַיִּים","ref":"Deut 30:19","desc":"The Torah's climactic call to \"choose life\" encompasses all mitzvot. It affirms human free will: God presents the options, but the","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-246"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Rejoice with the bride and groom for seven days","he":"שִׂמְחַת חָתָן וְכַלָּה","ref":"Deut 24:5","desc":"A newly married man was exempt from military service for one year to bring joy to his wife. Celebrating a new marriage is itself a","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-247"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Love God — the culminating positive mitzvah","he":"אַהֲבַת ה׳","ref":"Deut 6:5","desc":"Love of God is both the first motivation and the ultimate goal of all mitzvot. Through observance, study, and contemplation, one c","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-248"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not believe in or worship other gods","he":"לֹא יִהְיֶה לְךָ אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים","ref":"Ex 20:3","desc":"The first negative commandment: rejecting all other gods. ancient Hebrew faith is not merely choosing God but actively rejecting a","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-249"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not make an idol","he":"לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה לְךָ פֶסֶל","ref":"Ex 20:4","desc":"Making any sculptured image intended for worship is forbidden, even of God Himself. The divine cannot be contained in physical for","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-250"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not bow down to idols","he":"לֹא תִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה לָהֶם","ref":"Ex 20:5","desc":"Prostrating oneself before any idol is forbidden, even without intending to worship. The physical act of submission to an idol is ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-251"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not serve idols","he":"לֹא תָעָבְדֵם","ref":"Ex 20:5","desc":"Serving an idol in its customary manner of worship is forbidden. This applies even if one doesn't personally believe in the idol.","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-252"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not worship any other god at all","he":"לֹא תַעֲבֹד אֶל אֵל אַחֵר","ref":"Ex 34:14","desc":"A comprehensive prohibition covering every form of idol service, including verbal worship, offerings, or any act of devotion direc","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-253"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not follow the temptations of your heart and eyes","he":"לֹא תָסִיר אֶת לְבָבְכֶם","ref":"Num 15:39","desc":"The prohibition against being drawn after one's own heart and eyes — the source of rationalization for sin. The Shema's third para","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-254"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not show favor to idolaters (in practice)","he":"לֹא תֶחֱנֵם","ref":"Deut 7:2","desc":"Do not grant idol-worshippers a legal foothold in the Land of Israel, nor compliment their practices or appearance in a way that s","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-255"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not mention the names of other gods","he":"לֹא יִשָּׁמַע עַל פִּיךָ","ref":"Ex 23:13","desc":"The names of pagan deities should not be casually mentioned. Keeping alien religious terminology out of Israelite speech helps gua","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-256"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not make figures of God's attendants","he":"לֹא תַעֲשׂוּן אִתִּי","ref":"Ex 20:20","desc":"Making representational images of God's heavenly servants (angels, celestial beings) for worship is forbidden, even if meant to ho","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-257"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not plant an Asherah tree beside God's altar","he":"לֹא תִטַּע לְךָ אֲשֵׁרָה","ref":"Deut 16:21","desc":"The Asherah was a Canaanite sacred tree. Planting one near God's altar is forbidden because it mimics pagan worship forms and corr","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-258"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not erect a pillar (Matzevah)","he":"לֹא תַצִּיב לְךָ מַצֵּבָה","ref":"Deut 16:22","desc":"Although patriarchs used pillars, God later forbade them because Canaanites adopted this form of worship. What was once acceptable","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-259"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not make a covenant with idolaters","he":"לֹא תִכְרֹת לָהֶם בְּרִית","ref":"Ex 23:32","desc":"Making formal agreements that perpetuate or legitimize idolatrous practices in the land is forbidden. Religious compromise leads t","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-260"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not allow idolaters to settle in the land","he":"לֹא יֵשְׁבוּ בְּאַרְצְךָ","ref":"Ex 23:33","desc":"Permitting those who practice idolatry to remain in the Land of Israel is forbidden. Their presence would inevitably lead Israel a","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-261"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not practice divination","he":"לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְךָ קֹסֵם","ref":"Deut 18:10","desc":"Seeking to know the future through occult means (lots, signs, omens) is forbidden. Trust in God's providence must replace anxiety-","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-262"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not practice astrology or observe times","he":"לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְךָ מְעוֹנֵן","ref":"Deut 18:10","desc":"Using star positions or auspicious times to make decisions is forbidden. God's direct providence, not cosmic forces, governs human","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-263"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not practice enchantment","he":"לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְךָ מְנַחֵשׁ","ref":"Deut 18:10","desc":"Deriving omens from animals, events, or objects (e.g., \"a black cat crossed my path\") is forbidden superstition that contradicts f","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-264"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not practice sorcery (Kishuf)","he":"לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְךָ מְכַשֵּׁף","ref":"Deut 18:10","desc":"Magic and sorcery — attempting to manipulate reality through supernatural means — is absolutely forbidden. The Torah's death penal","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-265"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not cast spells","he":"לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְךָ חֹבֵר חָבֶר","ref":"Deut 18:11","desc":"Casting spells or attempting to bind people through magical formulas is forbidden. It treats humans as objects to be manipulated r","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-266"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not consult a necromancer (Ov)","he":"לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְךָ שֹׁאֵל אוֹב","ref":"Deut 18:11","desc":"Seeking communication with the dead is forbidden. Such practices deny God's exclusive sovereignty over life, death, and knowledge ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-267"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not consult a Yidoni (bone oracle)","he":"לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְךָ יִדְּעֹנִי","ref":"Deut 18:11","desc":"The Yidoni placed a bone in the mouth and uttered sounds for divination. All such methods of seeking supernatural knowledge outsid","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-268"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not seek messages from the dead","he":"לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְךָ דֹּרֵשׁ אֶל הַמֵּתִים","ref":"Deut 18:11","desc":"Starving oneself or performing rituals to receive communication from the dead is forbidden. Death marks a boundary God has set tha","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-269"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not take God's name in vain","he":"לֹא תִשָּׂא אֶת שֵׁם ה׳ לַשָּׁוְא","ref":"Ex 20:7","desc":"The third commandment prohibits swearing falsely by God's name. Extending this, one should not utter God's name carelessly or with","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-270"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not curse God","he":"לֹא תְקַלֵּל אֱלֹהִים","ref":"Ex 22:27","desc":"Blaspheming God — cursing His name — is one of the most severe prohibitions in the Torah. The story of the blasphemer in Leviticus","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-271"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not curse a judge or leader","he":"לֹא תְקַלֵּל נָשִׂיא בְעַמֶּךָ","ref":"Ex 22:27","desc":"Cursing a judge or ruler of Israel is forbidden as it undermines the social order that God has established. Respect for legitimate","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-272"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not perform prohibited work on Shabbat","he":"לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה כָּל מְלָאכָה","ref":"Ex 20:10","desc":"The 39 categories of creative work (Melachot) are forbidden on Shabbat. The prohibition protects the sacred character of the day a","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-273"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not kindle fire on Shabbat","he":"לֹא תְבַעֲרוּ אֵשׁ","ref":"Ex 35:3","desc":"Lighting a fire on Shabbat is specifically singled out for emphasis. Today this extends to turning on electrical devices (a debate","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-274"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not carry beyond one's domain on Shabbat","he":"לֹא תֵצֵא אִישׁ מִמְּקֹמוֹ","ref":"Ex 16:29","desc":"Carrying objects in a public domain on Shabbat is forbidden. The eruv (legal enclosure) is a rabbinic mechanism to permit carrying","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-275"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not work on Yom Kippur","he":"לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה מְלָאכָה בְּיוֹם כִּפּוּר","ref":"Lev 23:28","desc":"All creative work is forbidden on Yom Kippur. The day is set aside entirely for spiritual accounting, fasting, and prayer — no ear","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-276"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not perform prohibited work on Yom Tov","he":"לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה מְלָאכָה בְּחַג","ref":"Lev 23:7","desc":"On Israelite festivals (Yom Tov), most of the same Shabbat prohibitions apply, except those related to food preparation, which are","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-277"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not remove the Levites from their service","he":"לֹא יִכָּרֵת הַלֵּוִי","ref":"Num 18:3","desc":"The Levites were assigned permanent service in the Temple. No one could reassign or replace them. Each family had a specific hered","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-278"},{"t":"cmd","title":"No non-Kohen may perform Kohen's Temple service","he":"לֹא יִקְרַב הַזָּר","ref":"Num 18:4","desc":"Performing the Temple service reserved for Kohanim carries a capital penalty. The division of sacred roles was absolute — blurring","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-279"},{"t":"cmd","title":"No Levite may perform a Kohen's service","he":"לֹא יִקְרַב הַלֵּוִי","ref":"Num 18:3","desc":"Even within the priestly tribe, roles were strictly defined. A Levite could not perform a Kohen's specific duties. Each person ser","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-280"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not enter the Temple in a state of intoxication","he":"לֹא יָמוּת","ref":"Lev 10:9","desc":"After the death of Aaron's sons for bringing unauthorized fire, God immediately commanded that Kohanim must not drink wine before ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-281"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not enter the Temple with unkempt hair or torn garments","he":"לֹא יָבֹא אֶל הַמִּקְדָּשׁ","ref":"Lev 10:6","desc":"Kohanim must not serve in the Temple with disheveled hair or torn clothing — signs of mourning. Divine service requires composed, ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-282"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Kohen Gadol may not leave the Temple during service","he":"לֹא יֵצֵא מִן הַמִּקְדָּשׁ","ref":"Lev 21:12","desc":"The High Priest could not leave the Temple precincts during his service, even to attend a parent's funeral. His role required tota","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-283"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Kohen may not become ritually impure for the dead (except close relatives)","he":"לֹא יְטַמֵּא כֹהֵן","ref":"Lev 21:1","desc":"Kohanim may not contract corpse-impurity by being in the presence of a dead body, except for their seven closest relatives. This m","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-284"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Kohen Gadol may not become impure even for relatives","he":"לֹא יְטַמֵּא כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל","ref":"Lev 21:11","desc":"The High Priest's level of holiness is so elevated that he cannot contract corpse-impurity even for a parent or sibling. The natio","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-285"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Kohen Gadol may not marry a divorced woman","he":"לֹא יִשָּׂא כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל גְּרוּשָׁה","ref":"Lev 21:14","desc":"The High Priest could only marry a virgin. His unique holiness required that his marriage reflect complete wholeness, as his role ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-286"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Kohen may not marry a woman who would profane his lineage","he":"לֹא יְחַלֵּל זַרְעוֹ","ref":"Lev 21:15","desc":"A Kohen who marries a forbidden woman creates offspring who are \"Chalalim\" — disqualified from priestly service. The Kohen must ca","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-287"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Kohen may not marry a harlot or convert","he":"לֹא יִשָּׂא כֹהֵן זוֹנָה","ref":"Lev 21:7","desc":"A Kohen may not marry a woman who has had forbidden relations or a convert. The priestly family was to maintain a special standard","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-288"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Kohen (regular) may not marry a divorcee","he":"לֹא יִשָּׂא כֹהֵן גְּרוּשָׁה","ref":"Lev 21:7","desc":"A regular Kohen also may not marry a divorced woman. Even though ordinary Israelites are permitted this, Kohanim must maintain a h","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-289"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Blemished Kohen may not serve in the Temple","he":"לֹא יִקְרַב בַּעַל מוּם","ref":"Lev 21:17","desc":"A Kohen with certain physical blemishes was disqualified from performing the Temple service. He could still eat from the sacred po","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-290"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Blemished Kohen may not approach the altar","he":"לֹא יָבֹא בַּעַל מוּם לְמִזְבֵּחַ","ref":"Lev 21:23","desc":"Even approaching the altar was forbidden for blemished Kohanim. The Temple service represented ideal perfection; the priests who p","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-291"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not offer incense with foreign fire","he":"לֹא תִשְׂרְפוּ אֵשׁ זָרָה","ref":"Lev 10:1","desc":"The death of Nadav and Avihu for bringing \"alien fire\" teaches that divine service must follow God's exact prescription. Innovatio","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-292"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Non-Kohen may not burn incense","he":"לֹא יִקְטֹר זָר","ref":"Num 16:40","desc":"The rebellion of Korach, who claimed priestly rights, ended with his death. The Torah forbids non-priests from performing the ince","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-293"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not offer any unbaked honey or yeast on the altar","he":"לֹא לְהַקְטִיר עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ","ref":"Lev 2:11","desc":"Fermented and honey-sweetened items were forbidden on the altar. The altar's fire symbolizes pure devotion; only specific, prescri","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-294"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not offer a sacrifice without salt","he":"לֹא תַקְרִיב בְּלֹא מֶלַח","ref":"Lev 2:13","desc":"All offerings required salt, symbolizing the eternal covenant. The corollary prohibition: never offer any sacrifice without its re","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-295"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not offer a blemished animal","he":"לֹא תַקְרִיב קָרְבַּן בַּעַל מוּם","ref":"Lev 22:20","desc":"Offering a flawed animal — blind, lame, or otherwise imperfect — is an insult to God. The prophet Malachi rebuked the people for o","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-296"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not slaughter a blemished animal as an offering","he":"לֹא תִשְׁחַט קָרְבַּן בַּעַל מוּם","ref":"Deut 17:1","desc":"Even the act of slaughtering a blemished animal for sacrifice — before it reaches the altar — is separately forbidden. The prohibi","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-297"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not sanctify a blemished animal for the altar","he":"לֹא תְמִים אֵין עָלָיו","ref":"Lev 22:22","desc":"Designating a blemished animal as a Temple offering is forbidden. The animal may be redeemed and used for secular purposes, but it","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-298"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not accept a blemished animal from a Gentile","he":"לֹא תָזְבְּחוּ מוּם","ref":"Lev 22:25","desc":"Kohanim may not accept blemished animals from non-Jews to offer in the Temple, even as voluntary offerings. Imperfect offerings di","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-299"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not cause a blemish on an animal set aside for the altar","he":"לֹא תִגְמֹר בַּעַל מוּם","ref":"Lev 22:21","desc":"Deliberately blemishing a consecrated animal is forbidden. Such an act desecrates the animal's sacred status and violates the inte","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-300"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not slaughter consecrated animals outside the Temple","he":"לֹא תְחַלֵּל קָדָשִׁים","ref":"Lev 17:3","desc":"Animals consecrated for Temple offerings may only be slaughtered in the Temple precincts. Slaughtering them elsewhere is a grave d","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-301"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat forbidden fats (Chelev)","he":"לֹא יֹאכַל כֹּהֵן חֶלֶב","ref":"Lev 7:23","desc":"Certain internal fats of cattle, sheep, and goats are forbidden for consumption. These chelev portions were to be burned on the al","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-302"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat blood","he":"לֹא תֹאכְלוּ אֶת הַדָּם","ref":"Lev 7:26","desc":"The prohibition on eating blood is one of the Torah's most frequently repeated commandments. Blood represents life, which belongs ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-303"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat the remains of an offering after its time","he":"לֹא יֹאכַל מִנּוֹתַר הַקָּרְבָּן","ref":"Lev 19:6","desc":"Sacrificial meat left beyond its permitted eating period (Notar) becomes forbidden and must be burned. Consuming it is a serious t","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-304"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat an invalidated offering (Pigul)","he":"לֹא יֹאכַל פִּגּוּל","ref":"Lev 7:18","desc":"An offering slaughtered with the intention to eat it beyond its proper time is Pigul (abomination) and forbidden. Improper intent ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-305"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Ritually impure person may not eat sacred food","he":"לֹא יֹאכַל טָמֵא מִקָּדָשִׁים","ref":"Lev 12:4","desc":"A person in a state of ritual impurity may not eat from Temple offerings or other sacred portions. Purity of person and sanctity o","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-306"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Ritually impure person may not touch sacred food","he":"לֹא תִגַּע בְּכָל קֹדֶשׁ","ref":"Lev 12:4","desc":"Even touching sacred food while impure is forbidden — the prohibition extends beyond eating to any physical contact with sanctifie","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-307"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Impure Kohen may not eat sacred portions","he":"לֹא יֹאכַל כֹּהֵן טָמֵא מִן הַקָּדָשִׁים","ref":"Lev 22:4","desc":"A Kohen in a state of ritual impurity forfeits his right to eat from the priestly portions (Terumah, Tithes, Sacrificial portions)","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-308"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Non-Kohen may not eat Terumah","he":"לֹא יֹאכַל זָר תְּרוּמָה","ref":"Lev 22:10","desc":"The priestly portions (Terumah) were the exclusive property of Kohanim and their households. An outsider who ate Terumah violated ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-309"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Hired servant or tenant of a Kohen may not eat Terumah","he":"לֹא יֹאכַל שָׂכִיר וְתוֹשָׁב תְּרוּמָה","ref":"Lev 22:10","desc":"Even a non-Israelite servant hired by a Kohen (as opposed to a purchased slave, who could eat Terumah) may not partake of the prie","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-310"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Uncircumcised Kohen may not eat Terumah","he":"לֹא יֹאכַל עָרֵל תְּרוּמָה","ref":"Ex 12:44","desc":"A Kohen who has not been circumcised — or whose household males haven't — is disqualified from eating the priestly portions. Circu","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-311"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Daughter of a Kohen married to a non-Kohen may not eat Terumah","he":"לֹא יֹאכַל בַּת כֹּהֵן נְשׂוּאָה לְזָר","ref":"Lev 22:12","desc":"A Kohen's daughter who marries a non-Kohen loses the right to eat Terumah in her father's house. Marriage transfers her status to ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-312"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not slaughter the Passover offering while leaven is present","he":"לֹא תִשְׁחַט עַל חָמֵץ","ref":"Ex 34:25","desc":"The Passover offering could not be slaughtered while leavened bread (chametz) was still owned. This required all chametz to be eli","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-313"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not leave Passover offering fat overnight","he":"לֹא יָלִין חֵלֶב חַגִּי","ref":"Ex 23:18","desc":"The fat portions of the Passover offering had to be burned on the altar before morning. Nothing from the sacred service could be l","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-314"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat leaven on Passover","he":"לֹא תֹאכַל חָמֵץ בְּפֶסַח","ref":"Ex 13:3","desc":"The prohibition on eating chametz (leaven) during the seven days of Passover commemorates the Exodus when there was no time for br","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-315"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not have leaven in your possession on Passover","he":"לֹא יֵרָאֶה לְךָ חָמֵץ","ref":"Ex 13:7","desc":"Passover requires not merely avoiding chametz but actively removing it from one's domain. The ritual search (Bedikat Chametz) and ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-316"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not have leavening agent in your home on Passover","he":"לֹא יִמָּצֵא שְׂאֹר בְּבֵיתֶךָ","ref":"Ex 12:19","desc":"Even the leavening agent (Se'or — sourdough starter) must be removed. This stricter prohibition ensures that no form of leaven ini","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-317"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat matzah on the eve of Passover","he":"לֹא תֹאכַל עָלָיו מַצָּה","ref":"Ex 12:18","desc":"Matzah is forbidden from the afternoon of the 14th of Nissan to preserve its special quality. Eating it early would diminish the i","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-318"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat any leavened bread on Passover","he":"לֹא תֹאכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ","ref":"Deut 16:3","desc":"A comprehensive prohibition: no leavened bread in any form during all seven (or eight in Diaspora) days of Passover. The holiday's","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-319"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat chametz mixtures on Passover","he":"לֹא תֹאכַל אֲלֵיהֶם חָמֵץ","ref":"Ex 12:20","desc":"Even a small amount of leaven mixed into other foods renders the entire mixture forbidden on Passover. The principle of \"bitul\" (n","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-320"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat chametz in any form on Passover","he":"לֹא תֹאכַל עֲלֵיהֶם כָּל חָמֵץ","ref":"Ex 13:3","desc":"This broad prohibition covers all forms of leavened food regardless of grain type. The five grains (wheat, barley, spelt, rye, oat","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-321"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat chametz with the Passover offering","he":"לֹא תֹאכַל הַפֶּסַח חָמֵץ","ref":"Ex 34:25","desc":"Chametz and the Passover sacrifice could not be eaten at the same meal. The Passover sacrifice was only valid with matzah and maro","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-322"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not leave Passover sacrifice until morning","he":"לֹא תֹאתִיר מִמֶּנּוּ עַד בֹּקֶר","ref":"Ex 12:10","desc":"All of the Passover lamb had to be eaten by dawn. Anything remaining had to be burned. The urgency of the Exodus night was reflect","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-323"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not take Passover sacrifice meat outside","he":"לֹא תוֹצִיא מִן הַבָּשָׂר","ref":"Ex 12:46","desc":"The Passover offering could only be eaten within the walls of Jerusalem (in Temple times). Taking the meat outside was forbidden —","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-324"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not break a bone of the Passover offering","he":"לֹא תִשְׁבְּרוּ עֶצֶם בּוֹ","ref":"Ex 12:46","desc":"Not breaking any bones of the Passover lamb symbolically echoed God's protection of Israel — \"He guards all his bones; not one of ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-325"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Uncircumcised man may not eat the Passover offering","he":"לֹא יֹאכַל עָרֵל מִמֶּנּוּ","ref":"Ex 12:48","desc":"The Passover sacrifice was exclusively for those within the covenant. A male who had not been circumcised was excluded from partak","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-326"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Apostate may not eat the Passover offering","he":"לֹא יֹאכַל מֶשֻׁמָּד מִמֶּנּוּ","ref":"Ex 12:43","desc":"One who has abandoned the ancient Hebrew faith and publicly worshipped idols may not eat from the Passover sacrifice. The meal was","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-327"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Hired non-Israelite worker may not eat Passover offering","he":"לֹא יֹאכַל שָׂכִיר מִמֶּנּוּ","ref":"Ex 12:45","desc":"A temporary hired worker who was not a member of the covenant could not eat from the sacred Passover offering, even if employed by","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-328"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not work the land in the Sabbatical year","he":"לֹא תַעֲבֹד שְׁנַת הַשְּׁבִיעִית","ref":"Lev 25:4","desc":"All agricultural work — plowing, planting, pruning, harvesting — is forbidden in the seventh year (Shemitah). The land receives it","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-329"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not sow in the Sabbatical year","he":"לֹא תִזְרַע אֶת שָׂדְךָ","ref":"Lev 25:4","desc":"Sowing seeds is a specific labor category forbidden in the Shemitah year. Even planting for next year's harvest is prohibited duri","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-330"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not prune your vineyard in the Sabbatical year","he":"לֹא תִזְמֹר כַּרְמֶךָ","ref":"Lev 25:4","desc":"Pruning vines to maximize growth is forbidden in the Shemitah year. Even beneficial agricultural work that would improve future ha","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-331"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not harvest aftergrowth in the Sabbatical year","he":"לֹא תִקְצֹר אֶת סְפִיחֶיהָ","ref":"Lev 25:5","desc":"Grain that grows on its own during the Shemitah year (Sefichin) may not be harvested in the normal way. Seventh-year produce is ow","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-332"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not harvest Sabbatical year grapes in the normal way","he":"לֹא תִבְצֹר אֶת עִנְּבֵי נְזִירֶיהָ","ref":"Lev 25:5","desc":"Harvesting grapes with a large vessel in the Shemitah year is forbidden. Seventh-year produce may only be gathered in small amount","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-333"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not harden your heart against the poor","he":"לֹא תְאַמֵּץ אֶת לְבָבְךָ","ref":"Deut 15:7","desc":"Refusing to feel compassion for the poor when you are able to help is explicitly forbidden. The Torah criminalizes emotional callo","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-334"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not close your hand to the poor","he":"לֹא תִקְפֹּץ אֶת יָדְךָ","ref":"Deut 15:7","desc":"Withholding charity when you have means is a transgression. The physical image of a clenched fist captures the Torah's condemnatio","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-335"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not reduce the poor Hebrew slave's rights","he":"לֹא תִגְרַע מִמֶּנּוּ","ref":"Deut 15:18","desc":"When freeing a Hebrew slave, the master may not diminish the generous provisions required by the Torah. The release must be accomp","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-336"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not sell land in Israel permanently","he":"לֹא תִמְכֹּר אֶת הַקַּרְקַע לִצְמִיתֻת","ref":"Lev 25:23","desc":"The Land of Israel belongs to God and reverts to its original tribal owners in the Jubilee year. No sale of ancestral land is perm","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-337"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not allow Levites to lose their cities","he":"לֹא תֵחָלֵל","ref":"Lev 25:34","desc":"The fields of the Levitical cities could not be sold permanently. Unlike Israelite lands, Levitical property was protected by this","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-338"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat non-kosher animals","he":"לֹא תֹאכַל כָּל תּוֹעֵבָה","ref":"Deut 14:3","desc":"The general prohibition on eating non-kosher food (Trefah, Neveilah, non-kosher species). The dietary laws train self-discipline a","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-339"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat creeping creatures (Sheretz)","he":"לֹא תֹאכְלוּ מִכָּל שֶׁרֶץ","ref":"Lev 11:41","desc":"Insects and small crawling creatures are absolutely forbidden. This is why vegetables must be carefully checked for bugs — even ti","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-340"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat insects from water (Shekets)","he":"לֹא תֹאכְלוּ אֹתָם שֶׁקֶץ","ref":"Lev 11:42","desc":"Aquatic insects and creatures that swarm in water are forbidden. Filtering drinking water was required even in ancient times due t","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-341"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat an animal that died on its own (Neveilah)","he":"לֹא תֹאכְלוּ כָּל נְבֵלָה","ref":"Deut 14:21","desc":"An animal that dies without proper ritual slaughter is Neveilah (carrion) and may not be eaten. The Torah permits giving or sellin","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-342"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat a torn animal (Trefa)","he":"לֹא תֹאכַל טְרֵפָה","ref":"Ex 22:30","desc":"An animal with certain internal injuries, blemishes, or missing organs (Trefa) is forbidden even if ritually slaughtered. Post-sla","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-343"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat a limb torn from a living animal","he":"לֹא תֹאכַל אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי","ref":"Deut 12:23","desc":"This prohibition — one of the seven Noahide laws — was given to Noah and repeated to Israel. Tearing a limb from a living animal i","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-344"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not cook meat and milk together","he":"לֹא תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ","ref":"Ex 23:19","desc":"This verse appears three times in the Torah — interpreted as three prohibitions: cooking, eating, and benefiting from meat-milk mi","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-345"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat meat and milk together","he":"לֹא תֹאכַל בְּשַׂר בְּחָלָב","ref":"Ex 34:26","desc":"The second prohibition derived from the meat-milk verse. The sages require waiting between eating meat and then dairy (the time va","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-346"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not benefit from a meat-milk mixture","he":"לֹא תֶהֱנֶה בְּבָשָׂר בְּחָלָב","ref":"Ex 13:13","desc":"The third prohibition: even selling or feeding a meat-milk mixture to others is forbidden, since deriving any benefit from it viol","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-347"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat flesh of an animal before it has stopped breathing","he":"לֹא תֹאכְלוּ עַל הַדָּם","ref":"Lev 19:26","desc":"This prohibition against \"eating over the blood\" is interpreted as forbidding eating the flesh of a sacrificial animal before its ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-348"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat fruit of a tree during its first three years (Orlah)","he":"לֹא תֹאכַל נֵשֶׁר שָׁנָיו","ref":"Lev 19:23","desc":"Fruit from a tree's first three years (Orlah) is absolutely forbidden. This applies even outside Israel. The fourth year's fruit i","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-349"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat the sciatic nerve (Gid HaNasheh)","he":"לֹא תֹאכְלוּ אֶת גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה","ref":"Gen 32:33","desc":"In memory of Jacob's hip being struck during his wrestling with the angel, the sciatic nerve and surrounding fat are forbidden. Th","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-350"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat forbidden fats (Chelev)","he":"לֹא תֹאכְלוּ אֶת הַחֵלֶב","ref":"Lev 7:23","desc":"Suet and specific internal fats of cattle, sheep, and goats are forbidden for consumption. These are burned on the altar as God's ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-351"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat untithed produce (Tevel)","he":"לֹא תִתֵּן בְּלֹא הַפְרָשָׁה","ref":"Lev 22:15","desc":"Consuming produce from which tithes have not been separated is a serious violation. The Kohen, Levite, and poor must receive their","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-352"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not delay bringing vowed offerings","he":"לֹא תְאַחֵר לְשַׁלֵּם","ref":"Deut 23:22","desc":"Delaying the payment of a vow made to God is forbidden. The verse says: \"When you make a vow to God, do not delay paying it.\" Prom","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-353"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Nazirite may not eat grapes","he":"לֹא יֹאכַל נָזִיר עֲנָבִים","ref":"Num 6:3","desc":"The Nazirite's abstention from all grape products — wine, vinegar, raisins, grape seeds, and grape skins — was a total separation ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-354"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Nazirite may not drink wine","he":"לֹא יִשְׁתֶּה נָזִיר יַיִן","ref":"Num 6:3","desc":"Wine is specifically forbidden to the Nazirite, reflecting the tradition connecting wine to loss of control. The Nazirite voluntar","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-355"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Nazirite may not eat grape seeds","he":"לֹא יֹאכַל נָזִיר חַרְצַנִּים","ref":"Num 6:4","desc":"Even grape seeds — which have no intoxicating properties — are forbidden to the Nazirite. The totality of the prohibition creates ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-356"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Nazirite may not eat grape skins","he":"לֹא יֹאכַל נָזִיר זָג","ref":"Num 6:4","desc":"Grape skins, like seeds, are forbidden to the Nazirite. The comprehensive nature of the grape prohibition underscores that Nazirit","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-357"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Nazirite may not cut hair","he":"לֹא יְגַלַּח נָזִיר רֹאשׁוֹ","ref":"Num 6:5","desc":"The Nazirite's uncut hair served as a visible sign of the vow and a form of self-surrender — allowing nature to take its course as","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-358"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Nazirite may not become impure from a corpse","he":"לֹא יִטַּמֵּא נָזִיר לְמֵת","ref":"Num 6:7","desc":"The Nazirite may not enter the same space as a dead body or come in contact with human remains. Even the death of his closest rela","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-359"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not marry or have relations with one's mother","he":"לֹא יִקַּח אִישׁ אֶת אִמּוֹ","ref":"Lev 18:7","desc":"The incest prohibitions begin with the absolute taboo of relations with one's own mother. All incest laws are considered so fundam","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-360"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not have relations with one's father's wife","he":"לֹא תְגַלֵּל עֶרְוַת אֲבִיךָ","ref":"Lev 18:8","desc":"Relations with one's father's wife (even a step-mother not one's biological mother) are forbidden. The prohibition is about respec","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-361"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not have relations with one's sister","he":"לֹא תְגַלֵּה עֶרְוַת אֲחוֹתְךָ","ref":"Lev 18:9","desc":"Marriage between brother and sister is absolutely forbidden. The prohibition applies to full, half (same father), and half (same m","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-362"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not have relations with wife's daughter","he":"לֹא תְגַלֵּה עֶרְוַת בַּת אִשְׁתְּךָ","ref":"Lev 18:17","desc":"Marriage to one's own stepdaughter is forbidden. The bond created through marriage extends the incest prohibitions to one's spouse","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-363"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not take wife's sister as rival wife","he":"לֹא תְגַלֵּה עֶרְוַת אֲחוֹת אִשְׁתְּךָ","ref":"Lev 18:18","desc":"A man may not marry his wife's sister while his wife is alive. This prevents the tension and rivalry that would result from siblin","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-364"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not have relations with one's aunt","he":"לֹא תִקְרַב אֶל כָּל שְׁאֵר בְּשָׂרוֹ","ref":"Lev 18:12","desc":"Relations with one's paternal aunt are forbidden. The prohibition extends to close blood relatives through both paternal and mater","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-365"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not have relations with uncle's wife","he":"לֹא תְגַלֵּה עֶרְוַת אֲחִי אָבִיךָ","ref":"Lev 18:14","desc":"Relations with one's uncle's wife are forbidden during his lifetime and remain forbidden after his death (unlike a sister-in-law, ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-366"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not have relations with one's daughter-in-law","he":"לֹא תְגַלֵּה עֶרְוַת כַּלָּתְךָ","ref":"Lev 18:15","desc":"Relations with one's daughter-in-law are an absolute prohibition, one of the most severe incest laws. The Talmud uses this case as","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-367"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not have homosexual relations","he":"לֹא תִשְׁכַּב אֶת זָכָר","ref":"Lev 18:22","desc":"The Torah prohibits male homosexual intercourse in the same section as all other forbidden sexual unions, as part of its comprehen","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-368"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not have relations with an animal","he":"לֹא תִתֵּן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ לְהֵמָה","ref":"Lev 18:23","desc":"Bestiality — relations between humans and animals — violates both human dignity and the Torah's order of creation. Both partners w","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-369"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Woman may not have relations with an animal","he":"לֹא תִשְׁכַּב אִשָּׁה אֶת בְּהֵמָה","ref":"Lev 18:23","desc":"The prohibition applies equally to women. The Torah's sexual prohibitions are comprehensive and apply to both men and women, thoug","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-370"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not marry a widow to whom a judicial death was sentence was given","he":"לֹא תִקַּח אַלְמָנַת עָנֶשׁ","ref":"Lev 21:14","desc":"Though this primarily applies to Kohen Gadol, commentators discuss its broader application. It reflects the principle that one sho","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-371"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not remarry a divorced wife who has since remarried","he":"לֹא יָשׁוּב לְקַחְתָּהּ","ref":"Deut 24:4","desc":"A man may not remarry his divorced wife if she married another man in the interim. This prevents treating marriage casually — as s","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-372"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not accept an Ammonite or Moabite male into the congregation","he":"לֹא יָבֹא עַמּוֹנִי וּמוֹאָבִי","ref":"Deut 23:4","desc":"Due to their failure to greet Israel with food and water and their hiring of Balaam to curse Israel, Ammonite and Moabite males ar","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-373"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not seek the peace of Ammon or Moab","he":"לֹא תְדַרֹּשׁ שְׁלֹמָם","ref":"Deut 23:7","desc":"Beyond refusing them entry into the congregation, one is prohibited from seeking their welfare. This total social exclusion reflec","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-374"},{"t":"cmd","title":"A mamzer may not marry into the congregation","he":"לֹא יָבֹא מַמְזֵר","ref":"Deut 23:3","desc":"A mamzer (child of a forbidden union) may not marry an Israelite. This is considered a great tragedy in halacha; the rabbis worked","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-375"},{"t":"cmd","title":"No male cult prostitute among Israel","he":"לֹא יִהְיֶה קָדֵשׁ","ref":"Deut 23:18","desc":"Sacred prostitution — common in Canaanite worship — is absolutely forbidden in Israel. Religious practice must never be sexualized","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-376"},{"t":"cmd","title":"No female cult prostitute among Israel","he":"לֹא תִהְיֶה קְדֵשָׁה","ref":"Deut 23:18","desc":"Women were also forbidden from serving as sacred prostitutes. This prohibition targeted a practice where women were consecrated to","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-377"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Man with certain injuries may not marry into the congregation","he":"לֹא יָבֹא פְּצוּעַ דַּכָּא","ref":"Deut 23:2","desc":"A man with certain physical injuries to his reproductive organs is excluded from marrying into the congregation. The rabbis interp","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-378"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not add to the commandments","he":"לֹא תְּסַפּוּ לַדָּבָר","ref":"Deut 4:2","desc":"Neither a prophet, court, nor individual may add new commandments and present them as divine. The Torah is complete; its number (6","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-379"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not subtract from the commandments","he":"לֹא תִגְרְעוּ מִמֶּנּוּ","ref":"Deut 4:2","desc":"Just as adding is forbidden, so is removing commandments. The Torah's structure is not subject to human improvement. Every command","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-380"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not steal","he":"לֹא תִגְנֹב","ref":"Ex 20:13","desc":"The eighth commandment prohibits theft. The rabbis debate whether this refers to stealing people (kidnapping) or property; both ar","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-381"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not covet","he":"לֹא תַחְמֹד","ref":"Ex 20:14","desc":"The tenth commandment uniquely legislates inner life — forbidding the desire for what belongs to others. Maimonides argues this is","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-382"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not desire what belongs to others","he":"לֹא תִתְאַוֶּה","ref":"Deut 5:18","desc":"Deuteronomy's version uses \"do not desire\" (ta'aveh), which the rabbis view as a separate prohibition targeting the mental state o","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-383"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not kidnap","he":"לֹא תִגְנֹב נֶפֶשׁ","ref":"Ex 21:16","desc":"Kidnapping — stealing a person — carries the death penalty in the Torah. Human freedom and dignity are so fundamental that their v","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-384"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not rob","he":"לֹא תִגְזֹל","ref":"Lev 19:13","desc":"Robbery differs from theft in that it is done openly by force. Both are forbidden, but the brazenness of robbery — showing contemp","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-385"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not oppress or defraud your neighbor","he":"לֹא תַעֲשֹׁק אֶת רֵעֲךָ","ref":"Lev 19:13","desc":"Oppression (Oshek) includes withholding wages, taking advantage of someone's vulnerability, and using legal means for illegal ends","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-386"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not withhold a worker's wages","he":"לֹא תַעֲשֹׁק שָׂכִיר","ref":"Deut 24:14","desc":"Withholding wages from a hired worker — especially a poor one — is a separate prohibition. The worker \"sets his heart upon it,\" me","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-387"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not pervert justice","he":"לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה עָוֶל בַּמִּשְׁפָּט","ref":"Lev 19:15","desc":"A judge who distorts the law — whether through bribery, favoritism, fear, or error — violates this prohibition. The integrity of t","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-388"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not favor the poor in a legal case","he":"לֹא תִשָּׂא פְנֵי דַל","ref":"Lev 19:15","desc":"Just as favoritism toward the rich is forbidden, so is sympathy-based favoritism toward the poor. Justice is blind — the case's me","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-389"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not show favoritism to the great in court","he":"לֹא תֶהְדַּר פְּנֵי זָקֵן","ref":"Lev 19:15","desc":"Honoring a wealthy or powerful person in legal proceedings — allowing their status to influence judgment — is forbidden. Courts mu","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-390"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not show partiality in judgment","he":"לֹא תַכִּיר פָּנִים בַּמִּשְׁפָּט","ref":"Deut 16:19","desc":"This general prohibition on judicial partiality encompasses all forms of bias. A judge who \"recognizes faces\" — prejudges based on","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-391"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not take a bribe","he":"לֹא תִקַּח שֹׁחַד","ref":"Ex 23:8","desc":"Bribery is explicitly forbidden even to \"justify the righteous.\" Once a judge accepts a bribe, their objectivity is forever compro","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-392"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not fear or hesitate to render judgment","he":"לֹא תָגוּר מִפְּנֵי אִישׁ","ref":"Deut 1:17","desc":"A judge must not be intimidated by a powerful party. Hesitating to rule correctly out of fear of consequences is itself a violatio","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-393"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not pervert the judgment of the poor","he":"לֹא תַטֶּה מִשְׁפַּט","ref":"Ex 23:6","desc":"Specifically protecting the poor in legal contexts — not allowing their poverty to work against them — the Torah demands judges ac","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-394"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not pervert the judgment of a stranger","he":"לֹא תַטֶּה מִשְׁפַּט גֵּר","ref":"Deut 24:17","desc":"The convert and stranger are specifically mentioned as especially vulnerable to judicial bias. Israel's experience as strangers in","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-395"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not pervert the judgment of an orphan","he":"לֹא תַטֶּה מִשְׁפַּט יָתוֹם","ref":"Deut 24:17","desc":"The orphan, widowed, and poor — those without advocates — receive explicit Torah protection. Perverting their justice is a direct ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-396"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not accept a false report","he":"לֹא תִשְׂאוּ שֵׁמַע שָׁוְא","ref":"Ex 23:1","desc":"A judge or witness may not accept or give credence to false testimony. This prohibition extends to spreading rumors and listening ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-397"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not take revenge","he":"לֹא תָקוּם","ref":"Lev 19:18","desc":"Revenge — returning harm for harm received — is forbidden. The Torah requires forgiving past grievances rather than perpetuating c","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-398"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not bear a grudge","he":"לֹא תִטֹּר","ref":"Lev 19:18","desc":"Even if one doesn't act on a grievance but silently nurses resentment, this is forbidden. Bearing a grudge corrodes the heart and ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-399"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not stand idle while another's life is in danger","he":"לֹא תַעֲמֹד עַל דַּם רֵעֶךָ","ref":"Lev 19:16","desc":"Refusing to intervene when you can save someone's life — whether physically or by testimony — is a capital sin. Saving a life over","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-400"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not go about as a talebearer (Lashon Hara)","he":"לֹא תֵלֵךְ רָכִיל","ref":"Lev 19:16","desc":"Spreading true but damaging information about others (Lashon Hara) is one of the Torah's most emphasized prohibitions. The Chofetz","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-401"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not wrong another with words (Onat Devarim)","he":"לֹא תֹנוּ אִישׁ אֶת עֲמִיתוֹ","ref":"Lev 25:17","desc":"Verbal oppression — hurtful words, insults, humiliation, false accusations, or cruel reminders of someone's past — is forbidden. T","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-402"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not wrong a convert (Onat Ger)","he":"לֹא תוֹנוּ אֹתוֹ","ref":"Ex 22:20","desc":"Verbal or financial mistreatment of a convert is especially prohibited. The Torah mentions the prohibition on wronging converts mo","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-403"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not lend to a fellow Israelite with interest","he":"לֹא תַלְוֶה בְּנֶשֶׁךְ","ref":"Ex 22:24","desc":"Charging interest (Neshech/Ribbit) to a fellow Israelite is one of the Torah's most serious financial prohibitions. It treats a ba","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-404"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not demand repayment of a cancelled loan in the Shemitah year","he":"לֹא תִשֶּׁה","ref":"Deut 15:2","desc":"Once the Sabbatical year cancels a loan, the lender may not even hint at or request repayment. Hillel's Prozbul circumvented this ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-405"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not take as collateral items needed for sustenance","he":"לֹא תַחֲבֹל רֵחַיִם","ref":"Deut 24:6","desc":"Taking a mill or millstone as a pledge is forbidden because it deprives the borrower of their means of making food. Collateral can","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-406"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not keep a widow's garment as collateral","he":"לֹא יִשְׁכַּב","ref":"Deut 24:17","desc":"A widow's clothing may not be taken as a pledge under any circumstances. The most vulnerable must be protected from having their b","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-407"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not forcibly enter a borrower's home to take a pledge","he":"לֹא תָבֹא אֶל בֵּיתוֹ","ref":"Deut 24:10","desc":"A lender must wait outside while the borrower brings the pledge. Entering uninvited violates the borrower's dignity and privacy — ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-408"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not sleep while holding a poor person's pledge","he":"לֹא תִשְׁכַּב בַּעֲבֹטוֹ","ref":"Deut 24:12","desc":"If the borrower's blanket is taken as collateral, it must be returned each night so they can sleep. The lender's right to security","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-409"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not use false weights and measures","he":"לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה עָוֶל בְּמִדָּה","ref":"Lev 19:35","desc":"Dishonest scales and measures are among the Torah's most condemned frauds. The prophet Amos singles out this sin. Having false wei","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-410"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not possess false weights","he":"לֹא יִהְיֶה לְךָ אֶבֶן","ref":"Deut 25:13","desc":"Even possessing inaccurate weights — without using them — is forbidden. The presence of false weights creates the opportunity for ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-411"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not possess false measures","he":"לֹא יִהְיֶה לְךָ אֵיפָה","ref":"Deut 25:14","desc":"Similarly, false volume measures may not be kept. The requirement of exact measurement in commerce reflects the Torah's demand tha","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-412"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not bear false witness","he":"לֹא תַעֲנֶה בְרֵעֲךָ עֵד שָׁקֶר","ref":"Ex 20:13","desc":"The ninth commandment. Testimony in court must be strictly truthful. False testimony in capital cases is treated with special seve","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-413"},{"t":"cmd","title":"One witness alone cannot establish testimony","he":"לֹא יָקוּם עֵד אֶחָד","ref":"Deut 19:15","desc":"A single witness cannot convict or obligate in Torah law. This protects against false accusation and requires a minimum of two wit","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-414"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not follow the majority toward evil in courts","he":"לֹא תִהְיֶה אַחֲרֵי רַבִּים לְרָעֹת","ref":"Ex 23:2","desc":"In capital cases, a judge may not blindly follow the majority. Each judge must reach an independent verdict. A court that rushes t","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-415"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not answer a case with bias","he":"לֹא תַעֲנֶה עַל רִב","ref":"Ex 23:2","desc":"A judge may not allow external considerations — sympathy, fear, or the identity of the parties — to influence how they respond to ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-416"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not curse a deaf person","he":"לֹא תְקַלֵּל חֵרֵשׁ","ref":"Lev 19:14","desc":"Cursing a deaf person who cannot hear — and therefore cannot defend themselves — is forbidden. The prohibition extends to anyone b","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-417"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not put a stumbling block before the blind","he":"לֹא תִתֵּן מִכְשֹׁל","ref":"Lev 19:14","desc":"Literally: do not trip the blind; figuratively: do not give harmful advice or enable someone to sin. The prohibition against enabl","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-418"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not cut yourselves in mourning","he":"לֹא תִתְגֹּדְדוּ","ref":"Deut 14:1","desc":"Pagan mourning practices including self-laceration are forbidden. Israelite mourning is dignified — expressing grief through praye","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-419"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not shave your head in mourning","he":"לֹא תָשִׂימוּ קָרְחָה","ref":"Deut 14:1","desc":"Shaving a bald spot between the eyes as a sign of mourning — a Canaanite practice — is forbidden. Israelite mourning observances (","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-420"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not shave the corners of your beard","he":"לֹא תַשְׁחִית פְּאַת פָּנֶיךָ","ref":"Lev 19:27","desc":"Shaving the five corners of the beard with a razor is forbidden. Many Orthodox Jews maintain beards based on this commandment, tho","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-421"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not round the corners of your head","he":"לֹא תַקִּיפוּ פְּאַת רֹאשְׁכֶם","ref":"Lev 19:27","desc":"This prohibition against cutting the sideburns (Payot) gave rise to the traditional Israelite practice of leaving distinctive earl","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-422"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not tattoo yourselves","he":"לֹא תִתְּנוּ כְּתֹבֶת קַעֲקַע","ref":"Lev 19:28","desc":"Tattooing the skin is forbidden. This distinguishes Israelite practice from pagan cultures that used tattoos for religious marking","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-423"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not make cuts in the flesh in mourning","he":"לֹא לִשְׂרֹט שְׂרִיטָה","ref":"Lev 19:28","desc":"A separate prohibition from Deuteronomy's version, this specifically targets incisions made as part of mourning or pagan religious","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-424"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not set up a pillar for worship","he":"לֹא תָקִים לְךָ מַצֵּבָה","ref":"Deut 16:22","desc":"Even a pillar erected to honor God is forbidden because of the pagan association this form of worship carries. The Torah's concern","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-425"},{"t":"cmd","title":"King may not amass many horses","he":"לֹא יַרְבֶּה לּוֹ סוּסִים","ref":"Deut 17:16","desc":"The king was forbidden from building up cavalry beyond what was necessary. Military power could not become an end in itself, and I","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-426"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not return the people to Egypt","he":"לֹא יָשִׁיב אֶת הָעָם מִצְרָיְמָה","ref":"Deut 17:16","desc":"The nation may not be led back to Egypt for any reason — military alliance, trade, or refuge. Egypt represents slavery; the Exodus","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-427"},{"t":"cmd","title":"King may not take too many wives","he":"לֹא יַרְבֶּה לּוֹ נָשִׁים","ref":"Deut 17:17","desc":"The king was limited to eighteen wives, according to tradition. Solomon's 700 wives and 300 concubines led to his heart being turn","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-428"},{"t":"cmd","title":"King may not amass excessive personal wealth","he":"לֹא יַרְבֶּה לּוֹ כֶּסֶף","ref":"Deut 17:17","desc":"The king's treasury was for national needs, not personal enrichment. A king who accumulated vast personal wealth would be corrupte","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-429"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not deviate from the Sanhedrin's ruling","he":"לֹא תִסּוּר מִן הַדָּבָר","ref":"Deut 17:11","desc":"The Sanhedrin's rulings must be followed even if they seem to contradict one's own understanding. Unified application of Torah law","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-430"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not heed a false prophet","he":"לֹא יִשְׁמַע לְקוֹל נָבִיא שָׁקֶר","ref":"Deut 13:4","desc":"Even if a false prophet performs miracles, their prophecy must be rejected if it contradicts Torah. Miracles alone do not validate","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-431"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not fear a false prophet","he":"לֹא תִירָא מִמֶּנּוּ","ref":"Deut 18:22","desc":"Fear of a false prophet — allowing their charisma or threats to override proper judgment — is forbidden. Confronting false prophec","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-432"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not add to what the Torah commands a prophet","he":"לֹא תוֹסִיף עָלָיו","ref":"Deut 4:2","desc":"A prophet may not claim that God commanded additional permanent obligations beyond the 613 mitzvot. The Torah's commandments are t","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-433"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not spare the seven Canaanite nations","he":"לֹא תַחְיֶה כָּל נְשָׁמָה","ref":"Deut 20:16","desc":"The Canaanite nations' practices of child sacrifice, sexual immorality, and idolatry were so extreme the Torah required their elim","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-434"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not make a treaty with the seven Canaanite nations","he":"לֹא תִכְרֹת לָהֶם בְּרִית","ref":"Deut 7:2","desc":"Making peace agreements with the seven Canaanite nations was forbidden because it would result in tolerance of their idolatrous pr","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-435"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not allow Canaanites to dwell in the land","he":"לֹא יֵשְׁבוּ בְּאַרְצְךָ","ref":"Ex 23:33","desc":"Permitting Canaanites to remain in the land would guarantee religious corruption. Historical experience confirmed this — when Isra","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-436"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not inquire about the welfare of enemies seeking Israel's harm","he":"לֹא תִדְרֹשׁ שְׁלֹמָם","ref":"Deut 23:7","desc":"While the Torah requires loving the stranger, there is a distinction between genuine converts seeking peace and enemies who public","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-437"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not take the mother bird with her young","he":"לֹא תְשַׁלַּח אֶת הָאֵם","ref":"Deut 22:6","desc":"The negative form of Shiluach HaKen: actively taking both mother and young is forbidden. The Torah's concern for animal distress (","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-438"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not enter the Temple in a state of impurity","he":"לֹא יָבֹא טָמֵא אֶל הַמִּקְדָּשׁ","ref":"Num 5:3","desc":"One in a state of ritual impurity may not enter the Temple precincts. The gradation of spaces (courts, sanctuary, Holy of Holies) ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-439"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not defile the Temple","he":"לֹא לִטְמֵא אֶת הַמִּקְדָּשׁ","ref":"Lev 15:31","desc":"Active desecration of the Temple space — through impure entry or any deliberate defilement — is a capital offense reflecting the a","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-440"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not desecrate God's Holy Name (Chillul Hashem)","he":"לֹא תְחַלֵּל אֶת שֵׁם קָדְשִׁי","ref":"Lev 22:32","desc":"Any action that causes God's name to be degraded or disrespected in public is a severe transgression. The opposite — Kiddush Hashe","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-441"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not make the camp impure","he":"לֹא לְהַשְׁחִית אֶת הַמַּחֲנֶה","ref":"Deut 23:15","desc":"The military camp was to maintain spiritual purity. Improper handling of human waste or any defilement of the camp space was forbi","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-442"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not return a slave who fled to Israel","he":"לֹא תִסְגִּיר עֶבֶד","ref":"Deut 23:16","desc":"A slave who escaped from abroad to Israel shall not be returned to their master. They must be allowed to settle freely in the land","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-443"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not wear wool and linen mixed together (Shatnez)","he":"לֹא תִלְבַּשׁ שַׁעַטְנֵז","ref":"Deut 22:11","desc":"The prohibition against wearing Shatnez (wool-linen blend) is classified as a divine decree (chok) beyond human understanding. It ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-444"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not plow with an ox and donkey yoked together","he":"לֹא תַחֲרֹשׁ בְּשׁוֹר וַחֲמוֹר","ref":"Deut 22:10","desc":"Yoking two different animals together is forbidden — it causes suffering to both, since they have different strengths and rhythms.","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-445"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Man may not wear woman's clothing","he":"לֹא יִלְבַּשׁ גֶּבֶר שִׂמְלַת אִשָּׁה","ref":"Deut 22:5","desc":"Cross-dressing is forbidden as it blurs the distinctions between male and female that God created. The prohibition also targets th","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-446"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Woman may not wear man's clothing or carry his weapons","he":"לֹא תִלְבַּשׁ אִשָּׁה כְּלִי גָּבֶר","ref":"Deut 22:5","desc":"The prohibition applies equally to women wearing men's clothing or bearing weapons. The creation of distinct gender categories is ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-447"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not forget what Amalek did","he":"לֹא תֵלֵךְ עֲמָלֵק","ref":"Deut 25:19","desc":"The commandment to \"remember\" Amalek's attack has a negative counterpart: do not forget. Forgetting injustice makes one complicit ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-448"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not forget the evil Amalek did to Israel","he":"לֹא תִשְׁכַּח","ref":"Deut 25:17","desc":"This reinforces the memory obligation. The Amalek narrative represents unprovoked aggression against the vulnerable. Israel must r","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-449"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Torah shall not depart from your mouth","he":"לֹא יָמוּשׁ סֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה","ref":"Josh 1:8","desc":"While this verse is from Joshua, it reflects the Torah's command (Deut 6:7) to study \"day and night.\" Torah must be the constant b","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-450"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not move your neighbor's boundary marker","he":"לֹא תַסִּיג גְּבוּל רֵעֶךָ","ref":"Deut 19:14","desc":"Moving a boundary stone to enlarge one's property at a neighbor's expense is forbidden. It is the classic Torah image of property ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-451"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Master may not sell Hebrew maidservant","he":"לֹא יִמְכֹּר אֹתָהּ בְּכֶסֶף","ref":"Ex 21:8","desc":"A Hebrew girl sold as a maidservant to be a wife could not be resold as a slave to a third party. Her human dignity — even in serv","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-452"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Master may not treat Hebrew maidservant harshly to sell her","he":"לֹא יִמְשֹׁל בָּהּ לְמָכְרָהּ","ref":"Ex 21:8","desc":"The master could not exploit or mistreat the maidservant as a pretext for resale. Her rights as a person — not merely property — w","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-453"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not mistreat a Hebrew slave","he":"לֹא תַכְאִיבֶנּוּ","ref":"Lev 25:43","desc":"A Hebrew slave must not be treated harshly or oppressively. The Torah viewed the condition of Hebrew slavery as a temporary misfor","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-454"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not rule over a Hebrew slave with rigor","he":"לֹא תִרְדֶּה בְּפָרֶךְ","ref":"Lev 25:46","desc":"Crushing, demeaning labor that breaks a person's spirit is forbidden. The prohibition includes assigning pointless tasks merely to","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-455"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not sell a Hebrew slave as a Canaanite slave","he":"לֹא תַמְכְּרוּ מִמְכֶּרֶת עָבֶד","ref":"Lev 25:42","desc":"A Hebrew who becomes a slave retains his dignity and cannot be treated as mere chattel. The difference between the status of a Heb","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-456"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not mistreat an indentured Israelite","he":"לֹא תֹנֶה","ref":"Lev 25:17","desc":"The prohibition against oppressing a fellow Israelite who has fallen into servitude extends to all forms of mistreatment — physica","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-457"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not covet your neighbor's house","he":"לֹא תַחֲמֹד בֵּית רֵעֶךָ","ref":"Ex 20:14","desc":"The specific prohibition on coveting a neighbor's house is the extension of the Tenth Commandment. The home, as the center of fami","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-458"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not covet your neighbor's wife","he":"לֹא תַחֲמֹד אֵשֶׁת רֵעֶךָ","ref":"Ex 20:14","desc":"Coveting another's spouse — even without action — is forbidden. The prohibition recognizes that the breakdown of family life begin","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-459"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not seek revenge for an injury","he":"לֹא תְבַקֵּשׁ גְּמוּלוֹ","ref":"Lev 19:18","desc":"Actively pursuing revenge — even legally justified retaliation — is forbidden. The Israelite legal system provides for compensatio","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-460"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not hate your brother in your heart","he":"לֹא תִשְׂנָא אֶת אָחִיךָ","ref":"Lev 19:17","desc":"Harboring hatred in the heart — even while maintaining outward civility — is forbidden. The Torah requires inner as well as outer ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-461"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not publicly embarrass another person","he":"לֹא תְבַיֵּשׁ","ref":"Lev 19:17","desc":"Humiliating another in public (\"causing their face to go white\") is compared by the rabbis to murder. Shame has no cure — once inf","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-462"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not strike another person","he":"לֹא תַכֶּה","ref":"Deut 25:3","desc":"Physical violence against another person is forbidden. Even raising a hand in a threatening manner (without striking) is considere","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-463"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not sit in another's designated seat","he":"לֹא יֵשֵׁב אָדָם בִּמְקוֹמוֹ","ref":"Lev 19:32","desc":"The flip side of honoring elders: one should not casually take the seat reserved for a Torah scholar or elder. Displacing someone ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-464"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not murder","he":"לֹא תִרְצַח","ref":"Ex 20:13","desc":"The sixth commandment. The Hebrew word \"ratzach\" specifically means intentional, unlawful killing — distinguished from killing in ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-465"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not commit adultery","he":"לֹא תִנְאָף","ref":"Ex 20:13","desc":"The seventh commandment prohibits sexual relations with another's spouse. Adultery was treated as a capital offense because it vio","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-466"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not kidnap (eighth commandment interpretation)","he":"לֹא תִגְנֹב נֶפֶשׁ","ref":"Ex 20:13","desc":"Some interpret the eighth commandment (\"Do not steal\") as specifically prohibiting kidnapping — stealing a person. Human freedom i","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-467"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not testify falsely (ninth commandment)","he":"לֹא תַעֲנֶה שָׁקֶר","ref":"Ex 20:13","desc":"False witness in a legal proceeding is a grave transgression. The ninth commandment specifically protects the legal system — the m","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-468"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Blemished Kohen may not eat from the Most Holy sacrifices","he":"לֹא יֶאֱכַל זֶרַע אַהֲרֹן","ref":"Lev 21:22","desc":"While a blemished Kohen may eat from most sacred portions, there are certain categories of the most holy sacrifices (Kodshei Kodas","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-469"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not perform work using fire on Shabbat","he":"לֹא תוֹצִיא אֵשׁ מְלֵאכֶת","ref":"Ex 35:3","desc":"The specific prohibition on fire on Shabbat — singled out from all creative labor — taught the rabbis that even where human life i","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-470"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not offer sacrifices while owning chametz","he":"לֹא תִזְבַּח בְּחָמֵץ","ref":"Ex 34:25","desc":"No sacrifice could be offered on Passover while the person owned leaven. The sacrifice's sanctity required the prior elimination o","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-471"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not leave any part of the Passover sacrifice overnight","he":"לֹא יָלִין לַבֹּקֶר","ref":"Ex 12:10","desc":"The Passover offering must be completely consumed — or burned — before dawn. Nothing from this sacred meal could carry over to the","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-472"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Kohanim and Levites receive no territorial inheritance","he":"לֹא יִהְיֶה לָהֶם חֵלֶק","ref":"Deut 18:1","desc":"The priestly tribe was deliberately excluded from the land allotment. They were to be supported by the tithes and offerings — thei","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-473"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not say \"The Lord lives\" as a form of empty oath","he":"לֹא יֹאמַר","ref":"Jer 5:2","desc":"Using God's name in hollow or insincere oaths — even when technically true — violates the sanctity of divine speech. An oath must ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-474"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not turn your heart away from Torah","he":"לֹא לִהְיוֹת לֵב מְשֻׁבָּב","ref":"Deut 30:17","desc":"Allowing one's heart to be seduced away from Torah — by wealth, pleasure, or foreign philosophies — is the root cause of all spiri","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-475"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not deny or lie about obligations","he":"לֹא תִכְחֲשׁוּ","ref":"Lev 19:11","desc":"Denying possession of another's property or lying about one's obligations is forbidden. Truth in all financial dealings is a Torah","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-476"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not deal falsely","he":"לֹא תְשַׁקְּרוּ","ref":"Lev 19:11","desc":"Any form of dishonesty in dealings with others is forbidden. The Torah's demand for truth extends from court testimony to everyday","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-477"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not swear falsely","he":"לֹא תִשָּׁבְעוּ לַשֶּׁקֶר","ref":"Lev 19:12","desc":"A false oath in God's name is a profound desecration (Chillul Hashem). It invokes the Ultimate Truth as a witness to a lie — inver","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-478"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not remain distant while another is endangered","he":"לֹא תַעֲמֹד מֵרָחוֹק","ref":"Lev 19:16","desc":"Standing aside while someone is in physical or legal danger — when you have power to help — is a transgression. Every person bears","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-479"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not take revenge (repeat emphasis)","he":"לֹא תִקֹּם","ref":"Lev 19:18","desc":"The prohibition on revenge appears twice — once for Nekama (active revenge) and once for Netira (bearing a grudge). Both the act a","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-480"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not give more than 39 lashes in court","he":"לֹא לְהַרְבּוֹת","ref":"Deut 25:3","desc":"The court must not exceed the prescribed number of lashes. Giving more than the sentenced number degrades the criminal's human dig","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-481"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not withhold charity you can afford to give","he":"לֹא לִמְנֹעַ צְדָקָה","ref":"Deut 15:7","desc":"Once you have the means and an opportunity to give charity, withholding it is a transgression. The verse specifically warns agains","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-482"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not deviate from tradition as interpreted by the sages","he":"לֹא תָסוּר","ref":"Deut 17:11","desc":"The obligation to follow rabbinic interpretation of Torah law is itself a biblical commandment. The Torah was given with the under","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-483"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Prophet may not add new laws claiming divine authority","he":"לֹא תֹסֵף","ref":"Deut 13:1","desc":"Even a genuine prophet cannot introduce new permanent commandments. The Torah is sealed; prophecy can only remind people of existi","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-484"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not obey a prophet who leads to idolatry","he":"לֹא תִשְׁמַע לְנָבִיא","ref":"Deut 13:4","desc":"If a prophet — even one who performs miracles — directs Israel toward any form of idol worship, they must be rejected and put to d","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-485"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not pity or shield a false prophet","he":"לֹא תָחֹס","ref":"Deut 13:9","desc":"A false prophet who leads Israel astray must be punished without mercy, even if they are one's own closest relative. The integrity","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-486"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not conceal idolatrous activities in your city","he":"לֹא תְכַסֶּה עָלָיו","ref":"Deut 13:9","desc":"If one learns of idolatrous activity in their community, they may not remain silent. Concealing such activity makes one complicit ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-487"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not have pity on the inhabitants of an apostate city","he":"לֹא תַחְמֹל","ref":"Deut 13:9","desc":"A city that collectively turned to idol worship (Ir HaNidachat) was to be completely destroyed. Pity in this context would enable ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-488"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not rebuild an apostate city","he":"לֹא תִבְנֶה אֹתָהּ עוֹד","ref":"Deut 13:17","desc":"An apostate city that was destroyed could never be rebuilt as a city. Its land could be used for agriculture, but the site of coll","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-489"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not keep any goods from an apostate city","he":"לֹא יִדְבַּק בְּיָדְךָ","ref":"Deut 13:18","desc":"Nothing from an apostate city's property could be kept. Profiting from the goods of a city that worshipped idols would create an i","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-490"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not imitate the practices of non-Jews","he":"לֹא לַעֲשׂוֹת כְּמַעֲשֵׂיהֶם","ref":"Lev 18:3","desc":"The prohibition against \"Chukat HaGoy\" — following Gentile practices — protects the distinctiveness of Israel. The rabbis debated ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-491"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not make a treaty with Canaan's seven nations","he":"לֹא תִכְרֹת בְּרִית עִם הַכְּנַעֲנִי","ref":"Deut 7:2","desc":"Any arrangement that permits the continuation of idolatrous practices in the land was forbidden. Peace treaties must not come at t","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-492"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not let any soul of the seven nations live in the land","he":"לֹא תְחַיֶּה כָּל נְשָׁמָה","ref":"Deut 20:16","desc":"The seven Canaanite nations had filled their \"measure of iniquity\" through generations of child sacrifice and depravity. Their con","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-493"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not destroy the trees of a besieged city","he":"לֹא תַשְׁמִיד","ref":"Deut 20:19","desc":"Do not cut down fruit trees during a siege. The Torah's \"Is the tree of the field a man?\" challenges unnecessary destruction — war","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-494"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not kill women and children in a voluntary war","he":"לֹא תַכֶּה כָּל זָכָר","ref":"Deut 20:14","desc":"In optional wars (as opposed to obligatory ones), women and children were to be spared. The distinction between combatants and civ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-495"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not remove a corpse from the gallows overnight","he":"לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה לֹא תַסִּיר","ref":"Deut 21:23","desc":"The executed criminal's body must be buried before nightfall — it cannot be left hanging. Even the worst criminal retains human di","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-496"},{"t":"cmd","title":"The camp must be kept pure; toilet area is outside","he":"לֹא יֵרָאֶה בְּךָ עֶרְוַת דָּבָר","ref":"Deut 23:15","desc":"The military camp must have proper sanitary facilities outside the camp area. God's presence in the camp requires physical cleanli","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-497"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Child of forbidden union (Mamzer) may not marry into congregation","he":"לֹא יָבֹא בְּקָהַל ה׳","ref":"Deut 23:3","desc":"The prohibition on Mamzer marriage is a legal status, not a moral judgment on the individual. The Talmud expresses deep compassion","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-498"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not extradite a slave who fled to Israel","he":"לֹא תַסְגִּיר","ref":"Deut 23:16","desc":"The runaway slave who reached Israel was not to be returned. Israel was to be an absolute refuge for the escaped slave — a dramati","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-499"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not marry a brother's wife (outside levirate context)","he":"לֹא תִקַּח אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו","ref":"Lev 18:16","desc":"Marrying a brother's wife is generally forbidden. The levirate marriage (Yibbum) is the only exception, and only when the brother ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-500"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not marry two sisters simultaneously","he":"לֹא יִשָּׂא","ref":"Lev 18:18","desc":"Marrying two sisters at the same time is forbidden during both their lives. This protects both women from the jealousy and rivalry","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-501"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not delay burning forbidden fats or priestly portions","he":"לֹא תְבַעֵר","ref":"Lev 7:16","desc":"The priestly portions and altar fats that reach their expiration must be actively burned. Allowing them to remain is itself a form","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-502"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat meat cooked with milk","he":"לֹא יֹאכֵל מִמֶּנּוּ בָּשָׂר","ref":"Ex 23:19","desc":"The third repetition of the meat-milk verse in the Torah yields the prohibition on eating the cooked mixture. The three occurrence","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-503"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not speak falsehood","he":"לֹא תְדַבֵּר עָוֶל","ref":"Ex 23:7","desc":"The broader prohibition on false speech — covering not just court testimony but all forms of dishonesty in communication — is the ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-504"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not conceal knowledge of another's sin from the court","he":"לֹא תִכְחֵד","ref":"Lev 5:1","desc":"Withholding testimony you possess when called to testify is itself a sin. \"If he does not speak up, he shall bear his guilt\" — sil","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-505"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not turn to necromancers","he":"לֹא תִּפְנוּ אֶל הָאֹבֹת","ref":"Lev 19:31","desc":"Seeking out practitioners of necromancy is forbidden. The prohibition addresses not only the practitioners (covered elsewhere) but","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-506"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not turn to wizards","he":"לֹא תִּפְנוּ אֶל הַיִּדְּעֹנִים","ref":"Lev 19:31","desc":"Consulting any practitioner of the occult arts — even out of curiosity — is forbidden. Such consultation implicitly endorses the p","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-507"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not treat lightly the laws of ritual impurity","he":"לֹא תַקֵּל","ref":"Lev 15:31","desc":"The entire system of purity laws must be taken seriously. Dismissing them as archaic or treating violations casually profanes the ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-508"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not withhold the poor tithe","he":"לֹא תִמְנַע","ref":"Deut 14:27","desc":"The Levites, who have no land inheritance, depend on the tithes. Withholding their portion deprives them of sustenance and violate","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-509"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not change a dedicated animal from one type of offering to another","he":"לֹא לְשַׁנּוֹת","ref":"Lev 27:10","desc":"Once an animal is designated as a specific type of offering, it cannot be reclassified as a different type. Both the original and ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-510"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not sell a devoted field","he":"לֹא יִמָּכֵר","ref":"Lev 27:28","desc":"Property entirely devoted to God (Cherem) cannot be sold. It becomes the property of the Temple permanently and is administered by","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-511"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not redeem a devoted field","he":"לֹא יִגְאַל","ref":"Lev 27:28","desc":"Unlike other consecrated property, fully devoted (Cherem) items cannot be redeemed. The irrevocability of Cherem made it the stron","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-512"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not break a vow","he":"לֹא יְחַלֵּל דְּבָרוֹ","ref":"Num 30:3","desc":"Having made a vow or pledge, one must not violate it. The specific negative commandment against breaking one's word reinforces the","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-513"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not continue in sin after Yom Kippur's atonement","he":"לֹא יָשׁוּב אֶל כִּסְלָה","ref":"Num 5:7","desc":"Yom Kippur's atonement is conditional on genuine repentance. Returning to one's sins after receiving atonement nullifies the proce","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-514"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not oppress a stranger","he":"לֹא תְעַנּוּ","ref":"Ex 22:20","desc":"Oppressing the stranger is mentioned repeatedly throughout the Torah. Israel's own experience of oppression in Egypt makes them es","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-515"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not pervert justice through dishonest weights","he":"לֹא תָשִׂים עָוֶל","ref":"Lev 19:35","desc":"Using different weights for buying versus selling — appearing to use standard measures while systematically cheating — is among th","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-516"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not be a hypocrite (Chanifa)","he":"לֹא תַחְנֹף","ref":"Lev 19:15","desc":"Flattery and empty praise — especially when used to advance one's interests or to avoid confronting wrongdoing — is a form of dish","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-517"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not harden your heart to rebuke when needed","he":"לֹא תַקְשֶׁה","ref":"Deut 15:7","desc":"When a person needs to be rebuked for a sin, hesitating out of social discomfort or fear of conflict is itself a failure. Timely, ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-518"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not enter a covenant with other nations' religious practices","he":"לֹא תָבֹא בְּרִית","ref":"Ex 34:15","desc":"Making religious agreements with non-Israelite peoples that involve their worship practices is forbidden. Such covenants inevitabl","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-519"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not worship the host of heaven (stars, planets)","he":"לֹא תִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה","ref":"Deut 4:19","desc":"Worshipping celestial bodies — sun, moon, stars, and constellations — is forbidden. These luminaries are God's creations, not inde","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-520"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not serve any idol in its customary way","he":"לֹא תַעֲבֹד","ref":"Ex 20:5","desc":"Each idol had its traditional form of worship. Performing that worship — even for an idol one does not believe in — violates this ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-521"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not bow to celestial bodies","he":"לֹא תִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה לְכוֹכָב","ref":"Deut 4:19","desc":"Physical prostration before stars, planets, or other celestial objects is forbidden regardless of intent. The physical act of wors","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-522"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not worship idols through fire","he":"לֹא תֶעֱבֹד בָּאֵשׁ","ref":"Deut 18:10","desc":"Passing children through fire (Molech worship) and fire-based idol worship are specifically prohibited. These Canaanite practices ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-523"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not pass children through fire to Molech","he":"לֹא תִמָּסְרוּ לַמֹּלֶךְ","ref":"Lev 18:21","desc":"Child sacrifice to the Canaanite deity Molech was one of the most abhorrent practices in the ancient Near East. The Torah's prohib","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-524"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not practice witchcraft","he":"לֹא יִהְיֶה לְךָ כִּשּׁוּף","ref":"Ex 22:17","desc":"All forms of magical practice — whether or not one believes they are effective — are forbidden as they represent an attempt to acc","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-525"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not make an encampment near an apostate city","he":"לֹא תַחֲנֶה","ref":"Deut 13:17","desc":"One must not set up camp near the ruins of a city destroyed for apostasy. Proximity to the site of communal sin could lead to salv","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-526"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not prostrate before any human being","he":"לֹא תִסְגֹּד","ref":"Ex 20:5","desc":"While showing honor (bowing slightly) is permitted and even required in some contexts, full prostration — reserved for God — may n","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-527"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not believe in the power of divination","he":"לֹא תַאֲמִין","ref":"Deut 18:14","desc":"Beyond not practicing divination, one must not believe that astrological or occult methods have real predictive power. Faith in th","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-528"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not follow a prophet urging even minor deviation from Torah","he":"לֹא לִשְׁמֹעַ לְנָבִיא","ref":"Deut 13:12","desc":"No prophetic claim, however compelling, may be used to justify any deviation from the Torah. The test of a prophet is not their mi","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-529"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not tell others about miracles of a false prophet to make them seem credible","he":"לֹא תַגִּידוּ","ref":"Deut 13:12","desc":"Spreading the reputation of a false prophet — even factually reporting their miracles — is forbidden if it might lead others astra","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-530"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not pity one who worships idols","he":"לֹא לְחַמֵּל","ref":"Deut 7:16","desc":"Feeling sympathy for an idolater in a way that prevents appropriate communal response is forbidden. Pity must not override the obl","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-531"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not spare an idolater","he":"לֹא לַחֹס","ref":"Deut 19:13","desc":"In specific contexts of deliberate murder and idolatry, mercy that prevents justice is itself a form of injustice. The verse \"your","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-532"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not conceal an idolater's crime","he":"לֹא לְכַסּוֹת","ref":"Deut 13:9","desc":"Protecting someone from justice because they are a close relative or friend is forbidden. Even one's closest loved one cannot be s","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-533"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not love an idolater more than a fellow Israelite","he":"לֹא לֶאֱהֹב","ref":"Deut 7:3","desc":"Marrying into idolatrous families creates bonds of loyalty that can override one's commitment to God. The prohibition on marrying ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-534"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not forsake the Levites","he":"לֹא תִטֹּשׁ","ref":"Deut 12:19","desc":"The Levites have no land inheritance and depend on tithes and offerings. Neglecting to support them is a transgression against the","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-535"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not destroy sacred items or erase God's name","he":"לֹא יָסֵר","ref":"Deut 12:4","desc":"Holy objects, Torah scrolls, and writings of God's name may not be destroyed. This includes being careful with how one disposes of","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-536"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not delay bringing vowed offerings","he":"לֹא תְאַחֵר","ref":"Deut 23:22","desc":"Vowed offerings must be brought promptly — within the three pilgrimage festivals following the vow. Delay shows that the vow was n","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-537"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not boast of a mitzvah not yet completed","he":"לֹא תִתְפָּאֵר","ref":"Prov 27:1","desc":"While this derives from Proverbs, the rabbis include the principle that one must not credit oneself with good deeds before they ar","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-538"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not neglect the Levite's tithe","he":"לֹא תִמְנַע לֵוִי","ref":"Deut 14:27","desc":"The first tithe belongs to the Levites. Eating from untithed produce (Tevel) or withholding the Levite's share is a serious violat","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-539"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Ammonite and Moabite permanently excluded from congregation","he":"לֹא יָבֹא בְּקָהַל","ref":"Deut 23:4","desc":"Due to their hiring of Balaam to curse Israel and their failure to offer food and water during the desert journey, Ammonite and Mo","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-540"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not set up a pillar even for God","he":"לֹא תָקִים לְךָ מַצֵּבָה","ref":"Deut 16:22","desc":"Even erecting a pillar to worship the true God is forbidden because this form became associated exclusively with pagan worship. Th","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-541"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not make a covenant with the seven nations or their religions","he":"לֹא תִכְרֹת בְּרִית","ref":"Ex 23:32","desc":"Any formal agreement that implies religious legitimacy to idolatrous practice is forbidden. This protects the absolute monotheisti","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-542"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not offer sacrifices on any private altar (Bamah) once the Temple is established","he":"לֹא יִהְיֶה שָׁם בְּכָל מָקוֹם","ref":"Deut 12:13","desc":"Once the Temple was built in Jerusalem, private altars were forbidden. Worship was to be centralized in the one place God chose, p","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-543"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not offer sacrifices outside the Temple precincts","he":"לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה כֵן","ref":"Deut 12:4","desc":"Offering sacrifices outside the Temple's designated space is forbidden even within Jerusalem. The Temple's sanctity required that ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-544"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat the second tithe while in a state of impurity","he":"לֹא לְכַפֵּר","ref":"Deut 26:14","desc":"The second tithe was eaten in a state of ritual purity in Jerusalem. Eating it while impure — or in a state of mourning — was forb","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-545"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not bring offerings from the wages of prostitution or the hire of a dog","he":"לֹא לְהַבִּיא","ref":"Deut 23:19","desc":"Money earned through prostitution or certain other shameful means may not be donated to the Temple. Sacred purposes require pure m","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-546"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not vow to bring a blemished animal as an offering","he":"לֹא לִנְדֹּר","ref":"Lev 22:23","desc":"While a blemished animal could be donated for Temple maintenance costs (not sacrificed), vowing to offer it as a sacrifice — knowi","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-547"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not lend at interest to any Israelite","he":"לֹא לְהַלְּווֹת בְּנֶשֶׁךְ","ref":"Lev 25:37","desc":"This verse specifically mentions lending money, while the parallel verse (Ex 22:24) is interpreted as covering other forms of inte","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-548"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not borrow from a fellow Israelite at interest (borrower's prohibition)","he":"לֹא לִלְווֹת בְּנֶשֶׁךְ","ref":"Deut 23:20","desc":"The prohibition on interest applies not only to the lender but also to the borrower. Accepting an interest-bearing loan from a fel","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-549"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not be a witness to an interest transaction","he":"לֹא לִהְיוֹת עֵד","ref":"Ex 22:24","desc":"The rabbis derived that even being a witness or scribe for an interest transaction between Jews is forbidden. Participation in fac","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-550"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not prostrate yourself before any other god","he":"לֹא תִסְגֹּד לְאֵל אַחֵר","ref":"Ex 34:14","desc":"Physical prostration — the ultimate act of submission — is reserved exclusively for God. Performing this act before any other bein","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-551"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not make idols for others","he":"לֹא תָקִימוּ לָכֶם אֱלִילִים","ref":"Lev 26:1","desc":"Even making an idol for someone else — a craftsman who carves idols for pagan clients — is forbidden. One may not be an enabler of","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-552"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not trade in items used for idol worship","he":"לֹא לִסְחֹר בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה","ref":"Deut 7:26","desc":"Buying, selling, or commercially handling objects used in idol worship is forbidden. Even indirect benefit from idolatry must be a","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-553"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not benefit from an idol's accessories","he":"לֹא לִשְׁאֹב","ref":"Deut 7:25","desc":"The coverings, decorations, and accessories of an idol may not be used or converted to other purposes. They must be destroyed alon","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-554"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat food offered to idols","he":"לֹא לֶאֱכֹל תּוֹעֵבָה","ref":"Ex 34:15","desc":"Food that has been offered to an idol (Zevach) is forbidden for consumption. Eating such food implies acceptance of the idol's pow","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-555"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not harvest Peah (leave corners for the poor)","he":"לֹא לִקְצֹר","ref":"Lev 19:9","desc":"The negative form of the Peah mitzvah: the owner may not harvest the corners of their field. The poor have a legal right to these ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-556"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not gather Leket (fallen gleanings)","he":"לֹא לְלַקֵּט","ref":"Lev 19:9","desc":"The owner may not pick up fallen sheaves from their own field. These belong to the poor, and harvesting them — even with good inte","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-557"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not harvest Olelot (small grape clusters)","he":"לֹא לְעוֹלֵל","ref":"Lev 19:10","desc":"Small or underdeveloped grape clusters without a main bunch must be left for the poor. Harvesting them from one's own vineyard vio","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-558"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not gather Peret (fallen individual grapes)","he":"לֹא לִבְצֹר פֶּרֶט","ref":"Lev 19:10","desc":"Individual grapes that fall during the harvest belong to the poor. The vineyard owner who picks them up commits theft from those w","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-559"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not go back to retrieve forgotten sheaves","he":"לֹא לְשַׁכֵּחַ","ref":"Deut 24:19","desc":"Once a sheaf is forgotten in the field, it belongs to the poor. Returning to claim it is forbidden. The Torah turns the farmer's f","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-560"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not plow with two different species of animals","he":"לֹא לַעֲבֹד בְּשֵׁנִי","ref":"Deut 22:10","desc":"The prohibition on mixed plowing extends the Kilayim (mixed species) laws to agriculture. Different animals have different strengt","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-561"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not plant mixed seeds (Kilayim) in a vineyard","he":"לֹא לִזְרֹעַ כִּלְאַיִם","ref":"Deut 22:9","desc":"Mixed planting in a vineyard (Kilayim) is forbidden, and the prohibited crop becomes forbidden for use. This law is unique to Isra","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-562"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not wear Shatnez garments","he":"לֹא לִלְבֹּשׁ שַׁעַטְנֵז","ref":"Lev 19:19","desc":"The prohibition on wool-linen mixed garments (Shatnez) is a classic chok — a divine decree. Even a thread of the other fabric viol","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-563"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not sow different seeds in one field (Kilayim)","he":"לֹא לִזְרֹעַ שָׂדֶה","ref":"Lev 19:19","desc":"Two different species of grain may not be planted together in the same field. The mixing of species violates the Torah's concern f","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-564"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not graft one tree species onto another","he":"לֹא לְהַרְכִּיב","ref":"Lev 19:19","desc":"Grafting one species onto another violates the Kilayim principle. This applies to fruit trees and other plants, maintaining the na","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-565"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not crossbreed different animals","he":"לֹא לְהַרְבִּיעַ","ref":"Lev 19:19","desc":"Breeding two different species of animals together is forbidden. This reflects the Torah's respect for natural categories and God'","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-566"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not have an animal do the work of a human in a forbidden way","he":"לֹא לָרֶדֶת","ref":"Deut 22:10","desc":"The prohibition on \"working with two different kinds\" extends to harnessing mismatched animals. Any labor arrangement that causes ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-567"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not muzzle an ox while it threshes","he":"לֹא לְכַסּוֹת פֶּה","ref":"Deut 25:4","desc":"An animal working to thresh grain must not be prevented from eating the grain it treads. This law of animal welfare is extended by","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-568"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not beat an animal excessively","he":"לֹא לְהַכּוֹת","ref":"Num 22:32","desc":"The story of Balaam's donkey illustrates that even an animal feels pain and deserves consideration. Gratuitous striking of animals","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-569"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not count the Children of Israel directly","he":"לֹא לְמַנּוֹת","ref":"Ex 30:12","desc":"A census of Jews may only be conducted through an intermediate object (like a coin) — never by counting individuals directly. Davi","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-570"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not burn incense on the golden altar except as commanded","he":"לֹא לִשְׂרֹף","ref":"Ex 30:9","desc":"The golden incense altar could only be used for the prescribed twice-daily incense offering. Burning any other substance or offeri","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-571"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not make the Temple incense formula for personal use","he":"לֹא לְעַשֵּׁן","ref":"Ex 30:37","desc":"The specific eleven-spice incense formula used in the Temple was sacred and could not be replicated for personal or commercial pur","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-572"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not replicate the Temple anointing oil","he":"לֹא לְמָשֹׁחַ","ref":"Ex 30:32","desc":"The sacred anointing oil formula could not be reproduced for non-Temple purposes. Its use was restricted to consecrating the Templ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-573"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not remove the Showbread table from the Temple","he":"לֹא לְסַלֵּק","ref":"Ex 25:15","desc":"The golden table holding the twelve Showbread loaves was a permanent fixture in the Sanctuary. Even during transport, the loaves w","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-574"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not remove the poles from the Ark","he":"לֹא לְהָסִיר","ref":"Ex 25:15","desc":"The carrying poles of the Ark were never to be removed, even when the Ark rested in the Tabernacle or Temple. The Ark was always t","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-575"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not separate the Levitical families from each other","he":"לֹא לִפְרֹד","ref":"Num 18:3","desc":"The different Levitical families (Gershon, Kehat, Merari) each had specific Temple duties. They were not to interchange roles or l","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-576"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not transfer consecrated objects to non-sacred use without redemption","he":"לֹא לְהַעְתִּיק","ref":"Lev 27:28","desc":"Objects once consecrated to God retain their sacred status. Using them for ordinary purposes without the formal redemption process","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-577"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not substitute an animal for one set aside as a sacrifice","he":"לֹא לַחֲלֹף","ref":"Lev 27:10","desc":"One may not swap a consecrated animal for another, even a superior one. If one attempts a swap, both animals become sacred — the o","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-578"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not sell a consecrated field permanently","he":"לֹא לִמְכֹּר","ref":"Lev 27:28","desc":"A field consecrated as Cherem (completely devoted) to God could not be sold. It remained Temple property permanently, unlike other","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-579"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not redeem devoted property (Cherem)","he":"לֹא לְפָדוֹת","ref":"Lev 27:28","desc":"Cherem (fully devoted) property was irrevocable — it could not be redeemed. This absolute form of dedication was the strongest sta","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-580"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not exchange a tithe animal","he":"לֹא לְהַחֲלִיף","ref":"Lev 27:33","desc":"Once an animal is designated as a tithe, it may not be exchanged for another. Like other forms of consecrated property, its status","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-581"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not redeem a tithe animal","he":"לֹא לִפְדּוֹת","ref":"Lev 27:33","desc":"The animal tithe could not be redeemed for money and then the money used for the Temple. The specific animal designated had to be ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-582"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat or sell Orlah fruit","he":"לֹא לִמְכֹּר עַרְלָה","ref":"Lev 19:23","desc":"Fruit from the first three years (Orlah) may not be eaten, sold, or used in any way. Even giving it as a gift is forbidden — the f","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-583"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not eat Kilayim produce from a vineyard","he":"לֹא לֶאֱכֹל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם","ref":"Deut 22:9","desc":"Grain or vegetable planted in a vineyard becomes forbidden (Kilayim HaKerem). Unlike other Kilayim, this prohibition extends to ea","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-584"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not leave a corpse unburied overnight","he":"לֹא לְהַשְׁהוֹת","ref":"Deut 21:23","desc":"The negative prohibition reinforces the positive mitzvah of burial. Allowing a body to remain overnight without burial is a desecr","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-585"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not expel a wife taken as a captive after marrying her","he":"לֹא לְגָרֵשׁ","ref":"Deut 21:14","desc":"If a man marries a captive woman after the prescribed waiting period, he may not then treat her as a slave or sell her. Having ent","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-586"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not sell a captive wife","he":"לֹא לְמָכְרָהּ","ref":"Deut 21:14","desc":"A captive woman who has been taken as a wife cannot be sold. Her conversion and marriage established her as a free woman with full","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-587"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not execute someone without proper trial","he":"לֹא לַהֲרֹג","ref":"Num 35:12","desc":"The judicial process must be followed before any capital sentence. Even in clear cases, proper court procedure — witnesses, warnin","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-588"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not accept monetary ransom from a deliberate murderer","he":"לֹא לִקַּח כֹּפֶר","ref":"Num 35:31","desc":"A premeditated murderer cannot pay money to avoid the death penalty. Murder is not a property crime — it is the destruction of a d","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-589"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not allow an accidental killer to return before the High Priest dies","he":"לֹא לִקַּח כֹּפֶר מִגּוֹלֶה","ref":"Num 35:32","desc":"The accidental killer must remain in the city of refuge until the High Priest's death. No ransom can substitute for this exile — i","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-590"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not practice the taking of omens (Nachash)","he":"לֹא לִנְחֹשׁ","ref":"Lev 19:26","desc":"Deriving predictions or decisions from omens (a snake crossing one's path, spilling salt, etc.) is a form of divination forbidden ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-591"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not practice sorcery (witchcraft)","he":"לֹא לְכַשֵּׁף","ref":"Ex 22:17","desc":"Active sorcery — attempting to manipulate reality through magical means — is forbidden and subject to capital punishment. It repre","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-592"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not inquire of a Ov (ghost)","he":"לֹא לִדְרֹשׁ","ref":"Lev 19:31","desc":"The Ov was a form of necromancy where the practitioner claimed to channel the voice of the dead. Consulting such a practitioner — ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-593"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not inquire of a Yidoni (familiar spirit)","he":"לֹא לְדָרְשׁ","ref":"Lev 19:31","desc":"The Yidoni, like the Ov, was an occult practitioner. Seeking information from any practitioner of the spirit-consulting arts is ca","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-594"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not accept testimony from an ineligible witness","he":"לֹא לַעֲנוֹת","ref":"Deut 24:16","desc":"Fathers may not testify against sons and sons against fathers. Close relatives are disqualified from testimony to protect the inte","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-595"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not impose undue hardship when collecting a debt","he":"לֹא לָשֶׂת","ref":"Ex 22:24","desc":"Collection of a debt must be done with dignity and sensitivity. A creditor may not humiliate or harass a debtor. The Torah's conce","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-596"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not take a pledge from a widow","he":"לֹא לַחֲבֹל","ref":"Deut 24:17","desc":"A widow's property may never be seized as collateral for a debt. The widow — alone and vulnerable — receives the Torah's special p","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-597"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not take a wage-earner's tools as collateral","he":"לֹא לִגְזֹל","ref":"Deut 24:6","desc":"Taking as collateral items a person needs to earn their living is forbidden. The millstone is the Torah's example — equivalent to ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-598"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not lend to the poor with conditions that shame them","he":"לֹא לְהַלְווֹת","ref":"Ex 22:24","desc":"Lending to the poor must be done without making them feel humiliated or desperate. The act of lending is required; the manner must","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-599"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not avoid lending because of the Shemitah year","he":"לֹא לְהָשִׁיב","ref":"Deut 15:9","desc":"As the Sabbatical year approached, there was temptation to avoid lending knowing loans would be cancelled. The Torah specifically ","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-600"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not defraud with false prices (Onaah)","he":"לֹא לִרְמֹת","ref":"Lev 25:14","desc":"Charging or accepting significantly above or below market value in a transaction constitutes Onaah (price fraud). The injured part","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-601"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not deny responsibility for a neighbor's financial obligation","he":"לֹא לְהַכְחִיד","ref":"Lev 19:11","desc":"When you owe someone money or property and they demand it, denying the obligation — even while planning to pay — is forbidden. Hon","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-602"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not steal property","he":"לֹא לִגְנֹב","ref":"Lev 19:11","desc":"The general prohibition on theft in Leviticus 19 covers all forms of taking what belongs to another — from outright theft to decep","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-603"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not deceive","he":"לֹא לְרַמּוֹת","ref":"Lev 19:11","desc":"Deception in any form — false impressions, misleading statements, creating false appearances — is forbidden. The Torah requires th","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-604"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not gaze at immoral sights","he":"לֹא לְהַבִּיט","ref":"Num 15:39","desc":"The tzitzit passage warns against following \"your eyes.\" Looking deliberately at forbidden sights — whether in reality or imaginat","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-605"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not entertain forbidden thoughts","he":"לֹא לְהַרְהֵר","ref":"Deut 23:10","desc":"Guarding the mind from forbidden thoughts is part of the Torah's comprehensive ethics. The heart and mind must be as disciplined a","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-606"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not hate your brother in your heart","he":"לֹא לְשַׂנֵּא","ref":"Lev 19:17","desc":"Internal hatred — however well-concealed — is forbidden by the Torah. The commandment requires not merely tolerating others but ge","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-607"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not take revenge for wrongs done to you","he":"לֹא לְנַקֹּם","ref":"Lev 19:18","desc":"Retaliation — even proportional — is forbidden. The Torah requires letting go of grievances rather than satisfying the emotional d","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-608"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not harbor a grudge","he":"לֹא לִנְטֹּר","ref":"Lev 19:18","desc":"Even without acting on a grudge, nursing silent resentment is forbidden. The Torah requires complete inner peace with one's neighb","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-609"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not destroy food in an unnecessary way (Bal Tashchit)","he":"לֹא תְכַלֶּה","ref":"Deut 20:19","desc":"The prohibition against cutting down fruit trees in war is the source of Bal Tashchit — the general principle of not wasting or de","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-610"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not prophesy falsely","he":"לֹא לְהִתְנַבֵּא","ref":"Deut 18:20","desc":"A false prophet — one who claims divine messages they did not receive, or attributes to God words He did not speak — faces the dea","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-611"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not fear a false prophet","he":"לֹא לְהִתְיַרֵא","ref":"Deut 18:22","desc":"Intimidation by a false prophet — allowing their charisma, miracles, or threats to override Torah commitment — is forbidden. Coura","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-612"},{"t":"cmd","title":"Do not abandon God's covenant","he":"לֹא לַעֲזֹב","ref":"Deut 29:24","desc":"The final negative commandment: do not forsake the covenant. The entire Torah is sealed with this warning — all 248 positive and 3","url":"/en/commandments/#cmd-613"},{"t":"news","title":"Abraham — The Call and the Covenant","ref":"Genesis 11–23","url":"/news/abraham-the-call-and-the-covenant/"},{"t":"news","title":"Isaac — The Promised Son","ref":"Genesis 17–25","url":"/news/isaac-the-promised-son/"},{"t":"news","title":"Jacob — The Man Who Became Israel","ref":"Genesis 25–35","url":"/news/jacob-the-man-who-became-israel/"},{"t":"news","title":"Joseph — From the Pit to the Palace","ref":"Genesis 37–50","url":"/news/joseph-from-the-pit-to-the-palace/"},{"t":"news","title":"Moses and the Exodus","ref":"Exodus 1–15","url":"/news/moses-and-the-exodus/"},{"t":"news","title":"Hebrew Prayers — Shema, V'ahavta, Priestly Blessing & More","ref":"Interactives · Prayer · Hebrew","desc":"Learn foundational Hebrew prayers word by word — Shema, V'ahavta, Priestly Blessing, Modeh Ani, Kiddush, HaMotzi, Ein Kelohenu. Audio pronunciation, transliteration, and scripture roots. Free, no account required.","url":"/interactives/prayers/"},{"t":"news","title":"Hebraic Calendar — Mo'edim, Shabbat & New Moons","ref":"Calendar · Mo'edim · Leviticus 23","desc":"The seven appointed times of Leviticus 23 — Passover, Shavuot, Sukkot, Yom Teruah, Yom Kippur, Shabbat, Rosh Chodesh. Sunset-based, location-aware, astronomically calculated new moons.","url":"/calendar/"},{"t":"news","title":"Saint George Was Never English — The Levantine Soldier the West Repainted","ref":"History · Diaspora · Scripture","desc":"He died in 303 in the land of Israel. The East venerated him for a thousand years before the Crusaders carried him home and repainted his face. The full story of the saint the English flag forgot.","url":"/news/saint-george-was-never-english/"},{"t":"news","title":"Since When Was There a Middle East? — The Young Name on an Ancient Land","ref":"History · Diaspora","desc":"The term \"Middle East\" was coined in 1902 by a naval officer measuring sea-lanes from London. The lands are ancient. The label is younger than the telephone.","url":"/news/middle-east/"},{"t":"news","title":"How the West Repainted Its Saints — Augustine, Maurice, Nicholas, Simon, Moses, Jesus","ref":"History · Identity · Biblical East · Seven Figures","desc":"Augustine was Berber. Maurice was Egyptian. Nicholas was Anatolian. Catherine was Alexandrian. Simon of Cyrene was African. Moses was Hebrew. Jesus was a Galilean Jew. Seven figures of the biblical East repainted as Europeans.","url":"/news/how-the-west-repainted-its-saints/"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Aleph — א","he":"אָלֶף","desc":"First letter of the Hebrew alphabet, numerical value 1 (Gematria). Pictographic: ox/strength/chief. Silent consonant — takes the vowel of its nikud.","url":"/encyclopedia/#aleph"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Bet — ב","he":"בֵּית","desc":"Second letter. Gematria 2. Pictographic: house/tent. Sound: B (with dagesh) or V (without). First letter of the Torah — Bereshit.","url":"/encyclopedia/#bet"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Gimel — ג","he":"גִּימֶל","desc":"Third letter. Gematria 3. Pictographic: camel/walking man. Sound: hard G as in gift.","url":"/encyclopedia/#gimel"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Dalet — ד","he":"דָּלֶת","desc":"Fourth letter. Gematria 4. Pictographic: door/triangle. Sound: D as in door.","url":"/encyclopedia/#dalet"},{"t":"wiki","title":"He — ה","he":"הֵא","desc":"Fifth letter. Gematria 5. Pictographic: window/man with arms raised. Sound: H (breathed). Also the definite article prefix in Hebrew.","url":"/encyclopedia/#hey"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Vav — ו","he":"וָו","desc":"Sixth letter. Gematria 6. Pictographic: hook/peg/nail. Sound: V. Also the conjunction \"and\" — the Vav-Consecutive chains narrative events.","url":"/encyclopedia/#vav"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Zayin — ז","he":"זַיִן","desc":"Seventh letter. Gematria 7. Pictographic: weapon/sword. Sound: Z as in Zion.","url":"/encyclopedia/#zayin"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Chet — ח","he":"חֵית","desc":"Eighth letter. Gematria 8. Pictographic: fence/thread. Sound: KH (guttural) — like the ch in Bach. Cannot take a dagesh.","url":"/encyclopedia/#chet"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Tet — ט","he":"טֵית","desc":"Ninth letter. Gematria 9. Pictographic: snake/coiled. Sound: T (emphatic). The \"good\" T — used in Tov (good).","url":"/encyclopedia/#tet"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Yod — י","he":"יוֹד","desc":"Tenth letter. Gematria 10. Smallest letter in the alphabet (Matthew 5:18). Pictographic: hand/arm. Begins YHWH and Yeshua.","url":"/encyclopedia/#yod"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Kaf — כ","he":"כַּף","desc":"Eleventh letter. Gematria 20. Pictographic: palm of hand. Sound: K (with dagesh) or KH (without). Has final form (sofit): ך.","url":"/encyclopedia/#kaf"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Lamed — ל","he":"לָמֶד","desc":"Twelfth letter. Gematria 30. Pictographic: ox-goad/teaching staff. Sound: L. Tallest letter — reaches into the upper spiritual realm.","url":"/encyclopedia/#lamed"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Mem — מ","he":"מֵם","desc":"Thirteenth letter. Gematria 40. Pictographic: water/waves. Sound: M. Has final form (sofit): ם. Root of Mayim (water).","url":"/encyclopedia/#mem"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Nun — נ","he":"נוּן","desc":"Fourteenth letter. Gematria 50. Pictographic: seed/fish. Sound: N. Has final form (sofit): ן. Root of Navi (prophet).","url":"/encyclopedia/#nun"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Samekh — ס","he":"סָמֶךְ","desc":"Fifteenth letter. Gematria 60. Pictographic: thorn/prop/support. Sound: S. A circle — represents divine protection and completeness.","url":"/encyclopedia/#samekh"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Ayin — ע","he":"עַיִן","desc":"Sixteenth letter. Gematria 70. Pictographic: eye. Silent consonant (takes nikud vowel). Cannot take dagesh. Represents sight and understanding.","url":"/encyclopedia/#ayin"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Pe — פ","he":"פֵּא","desc":"Seventeenth letter. Gematria 80. Pictographic: mouth. Sound: P (with dagesh) or F (without). Has final form: ף.","url":"/encyclopedia/#pe"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Tzade — צ","he":"צָדִי","desc":"Eighteenth letter. Gematria 90. Pictographic: fishhook/righteous man. Sound: TZ as in Matzah. Has final form: ץ.","url":"/encyclopedia/#tzadi"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Qof — ק","he":"קוֹף","desc":"Nineteenth letter. Gematria 100. Pictographic: sun at horizon/needle eye. Sound: Q (back-of-throat K). Begins Qodesh (holy).","url":"/encyclopedia/#qof"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Resh — ר","he":"רֵישׁ","desc":"Twentieth letter. Gematria 200. Pictographic: head of a man. Sound: R. Cannot take dagesh. Begins Ruach (spirit) and Rosh (head).","url":"/encyclopedia/#resh"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Shin / Sin — ש","he":"שִׁין","desc":"Twenty-first letter. Gematria 300. Two sounds: SH (dot upper right) and S (dot upper left). Begins Shema, Shabbat, Shalom, Shem.","url":"/encyclopedia/#shin"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Tav — ת","he":"תָּו","desc":"Twenty-second and final letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Gematria 400. Pictographic: cross/mark/covenant sign. Sound: T. Begins Torah.","url":"/encyclopedia/#tav"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Nikud — The Vowel Points","he":"נִקּוּד","desc":"Dots and dashes added under, above, or inside Hebrew letters to indicate vowel sounds. Developed by the Masoretes. Includes Patach, Qamatz, Segol, Tzere, Chirik, Cholam, Qubbuts, Shva.","url":"/encyclopedia/#nikudGuide"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Patach — Short AH","he":"אַ","desc":"Nikud vowel mark: a horizontal line under the letter. Short \"AH\" sound. One of the 8 core vowel points of Biblical Hebrew.","url":"/encyclopedia/#nikudGuide"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Qamatz — Long AH","he":"אָ","desc":"Nikud vowel: T-shape under the letter. Long \"AH\" sound. Often confused with Patach — Qamatz is longer and uses a distinct shape.","url":"/encyclopedia/#nikudGuide"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Segol — Short EH","he":"אֶ","desc":"Nikud vowel: three dots arranged in a triangle under the letter. Short \"EH\" sound as in bread.","url":"/encyclopedia/#nikudGuide"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Tzere — Long EY","he":"אֵ","desc":"Nikud vowel: two horizontal dots under the letter. Long \"EY\" sound as in they.","url":"/encyclopedia/#nikudGuide"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Chirik — EE","he":"אִ","desc":"Nikud vowel: single dot under the letter. \"EE\" sound as in feet. The simplest of the vowel points.","url":"/encyclopedia/#nikudGuide"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Cholam — Long OH","he":"אֹ","desc":"Nikud vowel: dot above the letter (often above the left shoulder). Long \"OH\" sound. Shabbat contains the Cholam.","url":"/encyclopedia/#nikudGuide"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Qubbuts — Short OO","he":"אֻ","desc":"Nikud vowel: three diagonal dots under the letter. Short \"OO\" sound as in foot.","url":"/encyclopedia/#nikudGuide"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Shva — Silent or Quick EH","he":"אְ","desc":"Nikud mark: two vertical dots under the letter. Either silent (Shva Na — resting) or a very quick \"EH\" (Shva Na — moving). Found in Bereshit: בְּרֵאשִׁית.","url":"/encyclopedia/#nikudGuide"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Dagesh — The Dot Inside","he":"דָּגֵשׁ","desc":"A dot placed inside a Hebrew letter. Dagesh Kal (light) hardens the sound of BeGaD KeFaT letters. Dagesh Chazak (strong) doubles the letter. Guttural letters (א ה ח ע ר) cannot take dagesh.","url":"/encyclopedia/#dageshGuide"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Shema — שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל","he":"שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל","desc":"The central confession of Israel: \"Hear O Israel, YHWH is our God, YHWH is One.\" Deuteronomy 6:4. Commanded to speak when rising and lying down (Deut 6:7).","url":"/encyclopedia/#prayer-torah"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Aaronic Blessing — Birkat Kohanim","he":"בִּרְכַּת כֹּהֲנִים","desc":"\"May YHWH bless you and keep you...\" Numbers 6:24-26. The exact words God commanded Aaron to speak over Israel. Every priestly blessing flows from these three lines.","url":"/encyclopedia/#prayer-torah"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Shirat HaYam — Song of the Sea","he":"שִׁירַת הַיָּם","desc":"\"I will sing to YHWH for He has triumphed gloriously — the horse and its rider He has thrown into the sea.\" Exodus 15:1. First song of Israel after crossing the Sea of Reeds.","url":"/encyclopedia/#prayer-torah"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Moshe Intercessions — Moses Prayer","he":"אֵל נָא רְפָא נָא לָהּ","desc":"Moses' prayers of intercession: arguing from God's reputation (Ex 32:11), offering to be blotted from the book (Ex 32:32), and the shortest Torah prayer: \"God, please — heal her, please\" (Num 12:13).","url":"/encyclopedia/#prayer-torah"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Psalms — Songs of David and Asaph","he":"תְּהִלִּים","desc":"Psalm prayers in the encyclopedia: Psalm 23, Psalm 91, Psalm 51, and the psalms of ascent. David's direct prayers and praises to YHWH.","url":"/encyclopedia/#prayer-tanakh"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Yeshua's Prayers — The Lord's Prayer","he":"אֲבִינוּ שֶׁבַּשָּׁמַיִם","desc":"Yeshua's prayers: Avinu she'bashamayim (Matthew 6:9-13), the high priestly prayer (John 17), and Gethsemane. Prayers of the Messiah of Israel.","url":"/encyclopedia/#prayer-brit"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Biblical Hebrew — What Is It?","he":"עִבְרִית בִּיבְלִית","desc":"Overview of Biblical Hebrew: aleph-bet, three-letter roots (shoresh), Lashon HaKodesh, the Masoretic Text, and how it differs from Modern Hebrew.","url":"/torah/reader/#pre/3"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Waw-Consecutive — Narrative Chain","he":"וָו הַהִפּוּךְ","desc":"The Hebrew Waw-Consecutive (וָו הַהִפּוּךְ) is the grammatical chain of \"And...\" that drives Torah narrative. It reverses verb tense and connects events across the entire text.","url":"/torah/reader/#pre/4"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Lashon HaKodesh — Holy Tongue","he":"לָשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ","desc":"The sacred language of the Hebrew Bible. Biblical Hebrew — the language in which YHWH spoke to Moshe, the prophets wrote, and the Torah was given at Sinai.","url":"/torah/reader/#pre/3"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Three-Letter Roots — Shoresh","he":"שׁוֹרֶשׁ","desc":"Every Biblical Hebrew word is built from a 3-letter root (shoresh). The same root produces related words across different forms. Example: K-T-V (כ-ת-ב) → write, writer, written, writing.","url":"/torah/reader/#pre/3"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Pro-Drop — When Names Disappear","he":"הַשְׁמָטַת הַגּוּף","desc":"Hebrew drops the subject pronoun — the verb itself encodes who is speaking. English translations add names the Hebrew text omits. Understanding this prevents mistranslation.","url":"/torah/reader/#pre/5"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Hebrew Names & Proper Nouns","he":"שֵׁמוֹת עֲצָמִיִּים","desc":"Why Hebrew names carry meaning: YHWH, Babel, Yeshua, Moshe, Yisrael. Why modern translation tools fail with proper nouns and place names. The hidden meanings in geography.","url":"/torah/reader/#pre/6"},{"t":"wiki","title":"KJV — King James Version","he":"תַּרְגּוּם הַמֶּלֶךְ יַעֲקֹב","desc":"History and significance of the King James Bible (1611). Tyndale's martyrdom, the 47 scholars, and the KJV's deep connection to the scattered Israelite diaspora.","url":"/torah/reader/#pre/2"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Masoretic Text — The Hebrew Scribal Tradition","he":"נֹסַח הַמָּסוֹרָה","desc":"The Masoretes were scribes who added nikud (vowel points) to preserve the pronunciation of the Hebrew Bible from 600-1000 CE. The Masoretic Text (MT) is the basis of all modern Bible translations.","url":"/encyclopedia/#nikudGuide"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Who Spoke Aramaic?","he":"אֲרָמִית","desc":"Aramaic in 1st-century Israel: the tongue of Galilee, the language Yeshua spoke, the official language of the Persian Empire. Why it matters for reading the Gospels.","url":"/learn/aramaic/#arc1"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Aramaic Words in Your Bible","he":"אֱלָהִי אֱלָהִי","desc":"Elahi Elahi lama shavaqtani (My God my God), Maranatha, Abba, Talitha kumi, Ephphatha. Aramaic passages in Daniel and Ezra. The tongue behind the recorded words of Yeshua.","url":"/learn/aramaic/#arc2"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Modern Aramaic — The Living Language","he":"ܐܪܡܝܐ","desc":"Assyrian communities today still speak Neo-Aramaic. Syriac church liturgy. The Seyfo genocide. Why Aramaic survived 3,000 years and where it is spoken today.","url":"/learn/aramaic/#arc3"},{"t":"wiki","title":"The Sephardim — Israel in Spain","he":"סְפָרַד","desc":"Who the Sephardim are: Israelites exiled to Sepharad (Obadiah 1:20). The Iberian peninsula. The 1492 expulsion from Spain and the Ottoman refuge. Sephardic identity.","url":"/learn/ladino/#lad1"},{"t":"wiki","title":"How Ladino Was Born","he":"לַדִינוֹ","desc":"Medieval Spanish mixed with Hebrew, Aramaic, and Turkish. The language of Sephardic Israelites after 1492. The Ferrara Bible of 1553 — first Ladino scripture.","url":"/learn/ladino/#lad2"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Ladino and the Scattered Israel — Deuteronomy 28","he":"דְּבָרִים כ\"ח","desc":"Ladino as a marker of Israelite exile: the Deuteronomy 28 curses pattern, the Holocaust destruction of the Sephardic heartland, and preservation efforts today.","url":"/learn/ladino/#lad3"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Hebrew Alphabet Flashcards","he":"אָלֶף-בֵּית","desc":"Interactive flashcards for learning all 22 Hebrew letters plus final forms (sofit), nikud vowel points, prefixes, and key biblical words.","url":"/flashcards/"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Hebrew Learning — Units 1-11","he":"לִמּוּד עִבְרִית","desc":"Structured Hebrew curriculum: Unit 1 (Aleph-Bet), Unit 2 (Nikud), Unit 3 (Prefixes), Unit 4 (Definite Article), Unit 5 (Roots), through Unit 11 (Tense). Torah-grounded language instruction.","url":"/encyclopedia/"},{"t":"wiki","title":"613 Commandments — Mitzvot","he":"תרי\"ג מִצְווֹת","desc":"All 613 commandments given to Israel. Biblical Hebrew, English translation, and context for each mitzvah. Searchable and filterable by category.","url":"/en/commandments/"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Torah Reader — Genesis through Deuteronomy","he":"תּוֹרָה","desc":"Full Hebrew Torah with English side-by-side. Vocalized Hebrew with nikud. All 5 books: Bereshit, Shemot, Vayikra, Bamidbar, Devarim (Genesis through Deuteronomy).","url":"/torah/reader/"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Gomer","he":"גֹּמֶר","desc":"Cimmerians — ancestors of Celtic and Germanic peoples. Pontic steppe to Central Europe.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_001"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Ashkenaz","he":"אַשְׁכְּנַז","desc":"Scythians / Rhine-Danube region. Name preserved in Ashkenazi Jews.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_002"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Riphath","he":"רִיפַת","desc":"Possibly Paphlagonians of northern Anatolia or Carpathian peoples.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_003"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Togarmah","he":"תֹגַרְמָה","desc":"Eastern Anatolia / Armenia / Khazar Empire. Ezek 38 northern coalition. Armenian and Turkic-Khazar traditions.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_004"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Magog","he":"מָגוֹג","desc":"Scythians of the Eurasian steppe. Gog and Magog of Ezekiel 38–39.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_005"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Madai","he":"מָדַי","desc":"The Medes — destroyed Nineveh 612 BCE with Babylon. Modern northwestern Iran / Kurdish peoples.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_006"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Javan","he":"יָוָן","desc":"The Greeks (Ionians). Yavan is still Hebrew for Greece today. Daniel's empire of the goat.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_007"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Elishah","he":"אֱלִישָׁה","desc":"Alashiya (Cyprus) or Elis/Aeolis. Blue and purple dye trade (Ezek 27:7).","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_008"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Tarshish","he":"תַרְשִׁישׁ","desc":"Tartessos, southwestern Spain. \"Ships of Tarshish\" — the far western Mediterranean. Jonah's destination.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_009"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Kittim","he":"כִּתִּים","desc":"Cyprus, then broadened to Romans. Daniel 11:30 — ships of Kittim oppose Antiochus. Dead Sea Scrolls use for Rome.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_010"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Dodanim","he":"דֹדָנִים","desc":"Rhodes or Dardanians (Troy region). 1 Chr reads \"Rodanim\" supporting Rhodes.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_011"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Tubal","he":"תֻבָל","desc":"Tabali of eastern Anatolia. Paired with Meshech. Bronze and slave traders (Ezek 27:13). Georgian ancestors.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_012"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Meshech","he":"מֶשֶׁךְ","desc":"Muski/Mushki of central Anatolia (Cappadocia). Always paired with Tubal in prophecy.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_013"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Tiras","he":"תִירָס","desc":"Possibly the Tyrsenoi/Etruscans (Tyrrhenian Sea) or the Thracians.","url":"/tree/#japheth_line_014"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Cush","he":"כּוּשׁ","desc":"Ethiopia/Sudan — the Nile Valley south of Egypt. Father of Nimrod.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_001"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Nimrod","he":"נִמְרֹד","desc":"The mighty hunter. First empire: Babel, Erech, Accad; then Nineveh, Calah. Builder of the world's first cities.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_002"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Seba","he":"סְבָא","desc":"Meroe/Nubia — the upper Nile capital of Kush. Isaiah 43:3 pairs Seba with Egypt.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_003"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Havilah (Cush)","he":"חֲוִילָה","desc":"Cushite Havilah — possibly East African coast or Arabian peninsula gold region (Gen 2:11).","url":"/tree/#ham_line_004"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Sabtah","he":"סַבְתָּה","desc":"Possibly Shabwa — the ancient Hadramauti capital in Yemen.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_005"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Raamah","he":"רַעְמָה","desc":"South Arabian trading people. Father of Sheba and Dedan. Spice merchants of Tyre (Ezek 27:22).","url":"/tree/#ham_line_006"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Sheba (Ham)","he":"שְׁבָא","desc":"Son of Raamah — South Arabian Sheba. Queen of Sheba, gold trade, frankincense.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_007"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Dedan","he":"דְדָן","desc":"Northwestern Arabian trading people — oasis of al-Ula (ancient Dedan). Major caravan hub.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_008"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Sabtechah","he":"סַבְתְּכָא","desc":"Unidentified — possibly southeastern Arabian coast.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_009"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Mizraim","he":"מִצְרַיִם","desc":"Egypt — still Misr in Hebrew and Arabic today. The Two Lands of the Nile.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_010"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Ludim","he":"לוּדִים","desc":"Libyan or Nile Delta peoples. Noted as archers in Egyptian and Assyrian armies.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_011"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Anamim","he":"עֲנָמִים","desc":"Possibly western desert oasis peoples of Egypt.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_012"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Lehabim","he":"לְהָבִים","desc":"Libya proper — the Libu of Egyptian records.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_013"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Naphtuhim","he":"נַפְתֻּחִים","desc":"The people of the Delta / Memphis region of northern Egypt.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_014"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Pathrusim","he":"פַּתְרֻסִים","desc":"People of Pathros — Upper Egypt, the Nile Valley south of Memphis.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_015"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Casluhim","he":"כַּסְלֻחִים","desc":"Ancestor of the Philistines. Possibly the eastern Nile Delta / Sinai border peoples.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_016"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Philistines","he":"פְּלִשְׁתִּים","desc":"Sea Peoples who settled Gaza coast c.1200 BCE. Five lords, iron weapons, perpetual enemy of Israel through David.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_017"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Caphtorim","he":"כַּפְתֹּרִים","desc":"Crete/Aegean. Amos 9:7 — Philistines came from Caphtor. Part of the Sea Peoples migration.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_018"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Put","he":"פוּט","desc":"Libya/Somalia — military people. Mercenary warriors in Egyptian, Assyrian, and Tyrian armies.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_019_put"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Canaan","he":"כְּנַעַן","desc":"The promised land's pre-Israelite peoples. Curse fell on Canaan specifically — not on Ham or Africa.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_019"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Sidon","he":"צִידֹן","desc":"Firstborn of Canaan. Premier Phoenician city — Jezebel was a Sidonian princess.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_020"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Heth","he":"חֵת","desc":"Canaanite Hittites — Abraham bought Machpelah from them. Esau's Hittite wives.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_021"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Jebusite","he":"הַיְבוּסִי","desc":"Pre-Israelite Jerusalem (Jebus). Araunah's threshing floor became the temple mount.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_022"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Amorite","he":"הָאֱמֹרִי","desc":"Dominant Canaanite highland people. Og of Bashan, Sihon king of Heshbon. Their iniquity was not yet full in Abraham's ti","url":"/tree/#ham_line_023"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Girgashite","he":"הַגִּרְגָּשִׁי","desc":"One of the seven nations of Canaan. Not prominent in narrative.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_024"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Hivite","he":"הַחִוִּי","desc":"Gibeonites who tricked Joshua. Shechem the son of Hamor. Central Canaan and Hermon foothills.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_025"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Arkite","he":"הָעַרְקִי","desc":"People of Arqa — modern Tell Arqa, northern Lebanon near Tripoli.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_026"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Sinite","he":"הַסִּינִי","desc":"People of Sin — possibly Siyannu/Sinn on the northern Lebanese coast.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_027"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Arvadite","he":"הָאַרְוָדִי","desc":"Island city of Arvad off Syrian coast — northernmost Phoenician city. Famous sailors (Ezek 27:8).","url":"/tree/#ham_line_028"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Zemarite","he":"הַצְּמָרִי","desc":"Sumur (Simyra) — Syrian coast between Arvad and Tripoli. Bronze Age Egyptian administrative center.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_029"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Hamathite","he":"הַחֲמָתִי","desc":"Hamath — modern Hama, Syria. Northern boundary of Canaan. Toi king of Hamath sent gifts to David.","url":"/tree/#ham_line_030"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Elam","he":"עֵילָם","desc":"Elamites — ancient civilization of Susa (Shushan). Chedorlaomer in Genesis 14. Setting of Esther.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_001"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Asshur","he":"אַשּׁוּר","desc":"The Assyrians — built Nineveh. Conquered Northern Israel 722 BCE. Modern Assyrian Christians still speak Aramaic.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_002"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Arphaxad","he":"אַרְפַּכְשַׁד","desc":"Direct ancestor of Abraham — the Messianic line passes through Arphaxad. Most critical genealogy in the Table.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_003"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Shelah","he":"שֶׁלַח","desc":"Son of Arphaxad, father of Eber.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_010"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Eber","he":"עֵבֶר","desc":"Eponymous ancestor of the Hebrews (Ivri = \"from Eber\"). Father of Peleg and Joktan — the great branching.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_011"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Peleg","he":"פֶּלֶג","desc":"Son of Eber — \"in his days the earth was divided\" (Babel). Direct ancestor of Abraham.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_012"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Joktan","he":"יָקְטָן","desc":"Peleg's brother — father of 13 South Arabian peoples. Qahtan of Arab tradition.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_013"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Almodad","he":"אַלְמוֹדָד","desc":"First of Joktan's 13 sons — South Arabia.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_014"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Sheleph","he":"שָׁלֶף","desc":"Possibly Salfaeeni — Yemen.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_015"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Hazarmaveth","he":"חֲצַרְמָוֶת","desc":"Hadramaut, Yemen — one of the clearest IDs in the Table. Ancient frankincense heartland.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_016"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Jerah","he":"יֶרַח","desc":"Means \"moon\" — possibly lunar-cult tribes of South Arabia.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_017"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Hadoram","he":"הֲדוֹרָם","desc":"Possibly Adramitae of South Arabia.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_018"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Uzal","he":"אוּזָל","desc":"Ancient Azal = modern Sanaa, Yemen. Ezek 27:19 confirms it as Tyre's trading partner.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_019"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Diklah","he":"דִּקְלָה","desc":"Means \"palm grove\" in Aramaic — unidentified Arabian tribe.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_020"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Obal","he":"עוֹבָל","desc":"1 Chr reads Ebal. Yemen highlands — unidentified.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_021"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Abimael","he":"אֲבִימָאֵל","desc":"\"My father is El\" — theophoric name. South Arabian tribe.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_022"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Sheba (Shem)","he":"שְׁבָא","desc":"Sabaean kingdom of Yemen. Sheba appears in both Ham and Shem lines — the dual ethnicity of South Arabian peoples. Queen ","url":"/tree/#shem_line_023"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Ophir","he":"אוֹפִיר","desc":"Solomon's gold source — 420 talents every 3 years. Likely Oman. Confirmed by Tel Qasile ostracon.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_024"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Havilah (Shem)","he":"חֲוִילָה","desc":"Eastern Arabia — Ishmael's territory stretched from Havilah to Shur (Gen 25:18). Also appears in Cush line.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_025"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Jobab","he":"יוֹבָב","desc":"Last of Joktan's 13 sons — completing the Table. Some ancient traditions identify with Job.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_026"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Lud","he":"לוּד","desc":"Lydians of western Anatolia — Croesus and his gold, inventors of coined money.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_004"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Aram","he":"אֲרָם","desc":"The Arameans — Damascus, and the Aramaic language. \"A wandering Aramean was my father\" (Deut 26:5). Yeshua spoke Aramaic","url":"/tree/#shem_line_005"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Uz","he":"עוּץ","desc":"Land of Uz — homeland of Job. Hauran region (southern Syria/northern Jordan).","url":"/tree/#shem_line_006"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Hul","he":"חוּל","desc":"Possibly the Huleh basin, northern Galilee/southern Syria.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_007"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Gether","he":"גֶּתֶר","desc":"Unknown — obscure Aramean people. No independent attestation.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_008"},{"t":"wiki","title":"Mash","he":"מַשׁ","desc":"Possibly Mount Masius, southeastern Turkey. 1 Chr reads Meshech — textual variant.","url":"/tree/#shem_line_009"},{"t":"news","title":"Deuteronomy 28: The Curses, the Prophecy, and the Way Back to the Covenant","ref":"Deuteronomy","desc":"Fourteen verses of blessing. Fifty-four verses of curse. Moses spoke more about what would happen if Israel broke faith than if she kept it — and then, in the very next chapter, named the way back.","url":"/news/deuteronomy-28-the-curses-prophecy-and-the-way-back/"},{"t":"news","title":"Jesus's Last Days: The Prophecies, the Crucifixion, and the Warnings He Gave","ref":"Isaiah 53","desc":"Isaiah 53, Psalm 22, Zechariah 12:10, and Daniel 9:26 all named what would happen before it happened. This article traces the prophecies, the trial, the crucifixion at Golgotha, and the warnings Yeshu","url":"/news/jesus-last-days/"},{"t":"news","title":"John 3:16 Explained: The Verse Everyone Quotes and Almost No One Reads","ref":"John","desc":"John 3:16 is the most-cited verse of the New Testament, yet most readers have never read the conversation it sits inside. A close reading of the verse in context — its Hebrew bronze-serpent anchor, th","url":"/news/john-3-16-explained/"},{"t":"news","title":"Lost Sheep and Grafted Branches: Who Did Yeshua Come to Save?","ref":"Matthew","desc":"Matthew 15:24 — 'I was sent only to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.' Romans 11 — the nations are grafted into the olive tree of Israel. Two teachings, one picture of the mission.","url":"/news/lost-sheep-grafted-branches/"},{"t":"news","title":"Of the Seed of David — Patrilineal Line, Matrilineal Rule, and Whether Yeshua Was a Yehudi, an Israelite, or Jewish","ref":"Israel","desc":"The Bible introduces Yeshua as son of David, son of Avraham — forty-two generations of fathers. The matrilineal rule came centuries later. Which framework was operative in his lifetime — and was Herod","url":"/news/of-the-seed-of-david/"},{"t":"news","title":"Pesach Does Not Mean "Pass Over" — What the Hebrew Root פסח Actually Reveals","ref":"Hebrew","desc":"The Hebrew root פסח does not mean to pass over. It means to hover over in protection. God didn't skip the blood-marked houses — He stood at the door. What the original Hebrew of Exodus 12 records.","url":"/news/pesach-meaning-hebrew/"},{"t":"news","title":"The Ten Commandments Were Spoken Before They Were Written — What the Hebrew at Sinai Records","ref":"Hebrew","desc":"Before the stone tablets, an entire nation heard God's voice in the fire and cloud at Sinai. The Hebrew of Exodus 19 records a physical encounter far more intense than most tellings convey. And God di","url":"/news/ten-commandments-spoken-sinai/"},{"t":"news","title":"The Apple of His Eye: Yah's Most Intimate Description of the Nation He Chose","ref":"Deuteronomy","desc":"Deuteronomy 32:10 says Yah kept Israel as the apple of his eye — the Hebrew word is אִישׁוֹן (ishon), literally 'the pupil.' Zechariah 2:8 says whoever touches this nation touches the pupil of his eye","url":"/news/the-apple-of-his-eye/"},{"t":"news","title":"The Arzareth Question — What 2 Esdras Says About the Ten Lost Tribes","ref":"Article","desc":"They crossed a river and walked a year and a half into a land where no human had lived, to keep the covenant they had broken at home. The book named that land Arzareth. The long search that followed.","url":"/news/the-arzareth-question/"},{"t":"news","title":"The First Christians: Who They Were, What They Practiced, and What Changed","ref":"Article","desc":"The disciples were first called Christians in Antioch (Acts 11:26). The leadership included Simeon called Niger — a Black African prophet — and Lucius of Cyrene. They kept the Sabbath, followed the He","url":"/news/the-first-christians/"},{"t":"news","title":"Who Are the Israelites? The People at the Center of the Entire Bible","ref":"Israel","desc":"The Bible is the story of one specific people — the Israelites, descendants of Yaakov, organized through twelve tribes, scattered and gathered across four thousand years. A foundational reading of who","url":"/news/who-are-the-israelites/"},{"t":"news","title":"There Are 613 Commandments in the Torah — Most Christians Have Never Read 610 of Them — Hebroni","ref":"Language · Hebrew","desc":"The Torah contains 613 laws given to Israel — 248 positive commands and 365 prohibitions. Most people know the Ten Commandments. Here is every single one, numbered and explained.","url":"/blog/613-commandments/"},{"t":"news","title":"The First Word of the Bible Is Not 'In the Beginning' — What Bereshit Actually Says — Hebroni","ref":"Language · Hebrew","desc":"Bereshit (בְּרֵאשִׁית) is not simply 'in the beginning.' The Hebrew prefix בְּ and the root רֵאשִׁית together carry a meaning most English translations collapse. Here is a word-by-word breakdown.","url":"/blog/genesis-1-1-hebrew/"},{"t":"news","title":"Tohu Vavohu Is Not 'Without Form and Void' — The Hebrew Words Translations Miss — Hebroni","ref":"Language · Hebrew","desc":"Tohu vavohu (תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ) in Genesis 1:2 is one of the most mistranslated phrases in the Bible. The Hebrew describes a specific state of desolation — and the Tehom beneath it is even older. Here is ","url":"/blog/genesis-1-2-hebrew/"},{"t":"news","title":"God Did Not Say 'Let There Be Light' — Here Is What the Hebrew Actually Records — Hebroni","ref":"Language · Hebrew","desc":"Yehi or (יְהִי אוֹר) is the first speech act in the Bible. The Hebrew is three words — God commands and light appears. But the structure of that command in Biblical Hebrew tells you more than any tran","url":"/blog/genesis-1-3-hebrew/"},{"t":"news","title":"Genesis 1:4 in Hebrew: What Does Ki-Tov — כִּי-טוֹב — Really Mean?","ref":"Language · Hebrew","desc":"God sees the light and calls it good — but what does tov actually mean in Hebrew? And when He separates light from darkness, the Hebrew uses the same root as the weekly havdalah ceremony.","url":"/blog/genesis-1-4-hebrew/"},{"t":"news","title":"Genesis 1:5 in Hebrew: Why Does It Say 'Day One' Not 'The First Day'?","ref":"Language · Hebrew","desc":"God names the light and the dark, and the first day ends. But the Hebrew says יוֹם אֶחָד — 'day one', not 'the first day'. Every other day uses an ordinal. Why only day one uses a cardinal is one of t","url":"/blog/genesis-1-5-hebrew/"},{"t":"news","title":"Genesis 1:6 in Hebrew: What Does Rakia Mean? The Hammered Expanse","ref":"Language · Hebrew","desc":"The root of rakia is raqa (ר-ק-ע) — to beat metal thin. The firmament is not a solid dome. It's something hammered out between the waters. A word-by-word breakdown of Genesis 1:6.","url":"/blog/genesis-1-6-hebrew/"},{"t":"news","title":"Genesis 1:7 in Hebrew: Va-Ya'as — God Made the Rakia and It Was So","ref":"Language · Hebrew","desc":"Va-ya'as (וַיַּעַשׂ) is the first use of asah (to make) in Genesis 1. The difference between decreeing 'let there be' and actually MAKING it explains the grammar of the entire creation week.","url":"/blog/genesis-1-7-hebrew/"},{"t":"news","title":"Genesis 1:8 in Hebrew: Shamayim — Why Heaven Is Always Plural","ref":"Language · Hebrew","desc":"God names the rakia 'Shamayim' (Heaven). Day 2 is the only creation day with no 'it was good.' And the numbering shifts from cardinal to ordinal here. Word-by-word analysis of Genesis 1:8.","url":"/blog/genesis-1-8-hebrew/"},{"t":"news","title":"The Hebrew Alphabet Has No Vowels — And That Is Not an Accident — Hebroni","ref":"Language · Hebrew","desc":"The 22 letters of the Hebrew aleph-bet (אָלֶף-בֵּית) are all consonants. The vowels were added a thousand years later. Here is what every letter means and why the system was designed this way.","url":"/blog/hebrew-alphabet/"},{"t":"news","title":"Your Bible Translated Ancient Place Names as Words — What You Missed in the Torah — Hebroni","ref":"Language · Hebrew","desc":"Hundreds of proper nouns in the Torah — ancient cities, rivers, and territories — were translated as common English words. Mizraim became 'Egypt.' Kush became 'Ethiopia.' Here is what your Bible actua","url":"/blog/names-titles-torah/"},{"t":"news","title":"The Original Torah Had No Vowels — How Nikud Was Added 1,000 Years Later — Hebroni","ref":"Language · Hebrew","desc":"Nikud (נִקּוּד) — the Hebrew vowel pointing system — was created by the Masoretes of Tiberias around 600–950 CE. The Torah was written and transmitted without it for over a thousand years. Here is how","url":"/blog/nikud-hebrew-vowel-points/"},{"t":"news","title":"Biblical Hebrew Drops the Subject Mid-Sentence — Why Your Translation Adds Words That Aren't There — Hebroni","ref":"Language · Hebrew","desc":"Biblical Hebrew is a pro-drop language — once a subject is introduced, the name disappears and the verb carries the reference. This means most English translations add implied pronouns that aren't in ","url":"/blog/pro-drop-biblical-hebrew/"},{"t":"news","title":"The Torah Names Its Audience — It Is Not Who Most Churches Teach — Hebroni","ref":"Language · Hebrew","desc":"The Torah opens with a declaration of who it was written for. The Hebrew is specific. Most English translations soften or generalize the audience in ways the original text does not. Here is what it ac","url":"/blog/torah-preface/"},{"t":"news","title":"Read the Torah in Biblical Hebrew Without Knowing Hebrew — How the Hebroni Reader Works — Hebroni","ref":"Language · Hebrew","desc":"The Hebroni Torah Reader lets you explore Genesis verse by verse in the original Hebrew — with word-by-word hover tools, English translation, and pronunciation guides. No prior Hebrew required.","url":"/blog/torah-reader-guide/"},{"t":"news","title":"One Letter Transforms Every Hebrew Verb — How the Vav-Consecutive Shapes the Torah — Hebroni","ref":"Language · Hebrew","desc":"The vav-consecutive (וָו הַהִפּוּךְ) is the most common grammatical feature in Biblical Hebrew narrative. A single וְ flips the tense of every verb that follows. Here is how it works and why it matter","url":"/blog/vav-consecutive-biblical-hebrew/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Ahaz","he":"אָחָז","desc":"Ahaz — He refused a sign from Yah and turned to Assyria — yet to him was spoken 'the almah shall conceive... Immanu-El'","url":"/tree/achaz/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Ahaziah","he":"אֲחַזְיָהוּ","desc":"Ahaziah — Walked in the way of the house of Achav, for he was its son-in-law — one of three kings Matthew's genealogy compresses past","url":"/tree/achazyahu-melech-yehudah/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Achim","he":"יָכִין","desc":"Achim — 'Tzadok begat Achim; and Achim begat Eliud' (Matthew 1:14) — possibly the same name as one of the two great pillars of Shlomo's Temple, 'Yachin'","url":"/tree/achim/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Amaziah","he":"אֲמַצְיָהוּ","desc":"Amaziah — Spared the children of his father's killers per the Torah — yet adopted Edom's gods and was killed at Lachish","url":"/tree/amatzyahu/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Amminadab","he":"עַמִּינָדָב","desc":"Amminadab — Father of Nachshon — and, through his daughter Elisheva, also an ancestor of Aharon's priestly household","url":"/tree/aminadav/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Amon","he":"אָמוֹן","desc":"Amon — He did not humble himself before Yah, as Menashe his father had humbled himself — and his own servants struck him down within two years","url":"/tree/amon/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Arphaxad","he":"אַרְפַּכְשָׁד","desc":"Arphaxad — First-named of the line of Shem after the Flood","url":"/tree/arpachshad/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Asa","he":"אָסָא","desc":"Asa — He did what was right, as did David his father — yet in old age sought physicians, not Yah","url":"/tree/asa/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Tribe of Asher","he":"אָשֵׁר","desc":"Asher was the second son of Zilpah and eighth son of Jacob. The coastal tribe whose land was rich in olive oil — ","url":"/tree/asher/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Athaliah","he":"עֲתַלְיָה","desc":"Athaliah — She arose and destroyed all the royal seed of the house of Yehudah — the line's closest brush with extinction","url":"/tree/atalyah/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Abiud","he":"אֲבִיהוּד","desc":"Abiud — The first of eight names scripture gives us and nothing else — 'Zerubavel begat Aviud; and Aviud begat Elyakim' (Matthew 1:13)","url":"/tree/aviud/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Abijah","he":"אֲבִיָּה","desc":"Abijah — He walked in his father's sins, yet appealed to the covenant of David and won at Tzemarayim","url":"/tree/aviyah-melech-yehudah/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Avshalom","he":"אַבְשָׁלוֹם","desc":"Absalom — David’s third son, famous for his hair, whose revenge for Tamar and rebellion against his father end with his hair caught in an oak.","url":"/tree/avshalom/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Azor","he":"עַזּוּר","desc":"Azor — 'Elyakim begat Azor; and Azor begat Tzadok' (Matthew 1:13–14)","url":"/tree/azor/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Bathsheva","he":"בַּת־שֶׁבַע","desc":"Bathsheva, wife of David and mother of Solomon — named in Matthew 1:6 in Yeshua’s genealogy. Her story, family, and place in the royal line.","url":"/tree/bathsheva/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Tribe of Benjamin","he":"בִּנְיָמִין","desc":"Benjamin was the twelfth and final son of Jacob, born near Bethlehem as Rachel died. The tribe of Israel's first king Saul, of Mordechai and Esther, and of the apostle Paul — ","url":"/tree/benjamin/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Boaz","he":"בֹּעַז","desc":"Boaz of Beit-Lechem — kinsman-redeemer of Ruth, son of Rahav, great-grandfather of David, and an ancestor of Yeshua named in Matthew 1 and Luke 3.","url":"/tree/boaz/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Calev ben Yefuneh","he":"כָּלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה","desc":"Caleb son of Jephunneh — one of the twelve spies who trusted Yah for the land, and at eighty-five asked for Hebron itself. “He had another spirit with him.”","url":"/tree/calev-ben-yefuneh/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Chanah","he":"חַנָּה","desc":"Hannah — barren and mocked, who poured out her soul at Shiloh, gave Israel the prophet Shmuel, and sang a song that anticipates Miryam’s Magnificat.","url":"/tree/chana/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Enoch","he":"חֲנוֹךְ","desc":"Enoch — He walked with God, and was not, for God took him","url":"/tree/chanoch/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Hanoch","he":"חֲנוֹךְ","desc":"Hanoch — Reuven's firstborn — founder of the Hanochite clan","url":"/tree/chanoch-ben-reuven/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Hezron","he":"חֶצְרוֹן","desc":"Hezron — Already born when the family went down to Egypt — father of Ram","url":"/tree/chetzron-ben-peretz/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Hezron","he":"חֶצְרוֹן","desc":"Hezron — Founder of the Hezronite clan of Reuven — not to be confused with Chetzron son of Peretz in the Davidic line","url":"/tree/chetzron-ben-reuven/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Hezekiah","he":"חִזְקִיָּהוּ","desc":"Hezekiah — He trusted in Yah — none like him before or after; yet he showed Babylon his treasures, and Yeshayahu foresaw what Babylon would later take","url":"/tree/chizkiyahu/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Hushim","he":"חֻשִׁים","desc":"Hushim — Dan's only named son — the entire tribe of Dan descends from him; also called 'Shuham' in Numbers 26:42","url":"/tree/chushim/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Tribe of Dan","he":"דָּן","desc":"Dan was the firstborn of Bilhah and the fifth son of Jacob. The tribe of Samson — a serpent in the way that strikes from ambush. Dan migrated north to Laish, institutionalized idol worship, and is the","url":"/tree/dan/"},{"t":"tree","name":"David ha-Melech","he":"דָּוִד","desc":"King David — shepherd, psalmist, and Israel's greatest king. Son of Yishai, husband of Bathsheva, father of Shlomo, ancestor of Yeshua the Messiah.","url":"/tree/david-ha-melech/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Devorah ha-Neviah","he":"דְּבוֹרָה","desc":"Deborah — Israel’s only named female judge, who summoned Barak to battle and sang one of the oldest songs in Scripture (Judges 4–5).","url":"/tree/devorah-ha-neviah/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Eleazar","he":"אֶלְעָזָר","desc":"Eleazar — 'Eliud begat Elazar; and Elazar begat Mattan' (Matthew 1:15) — a name ('God has helped') shared with Aharon's priestly son, borne here by a man o","url":"/tree/elazar-ben-eliud/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Elisha","he":"אֱלִישָׁע","desc":"Elisha — Eliyahu’s successor, who parted the Jordan, healed Na’aman the leper, restored a Shunammite’s son to life, and whose bones revived the dead.","url":"/tree/elisha/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Eliud","he":"אֱלִיהוּד","desc":"Eliud — 'Achim begat Eliud; and Eliud begat Elazar' (Matthew 1:14–15) — a name-pattern that echoes Aviud, six generations back","url":"/tree/eliud/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Eliyahu ha-Navi","he":"אֵלִיָּהוּ","desc":"Elijah — confronted the prophets of Ba’al on Mount Carmel, heard Yah in “a still small voice” at Horeb, and was taken up to heaven without dying.","url":"/tree/eliyahu-ha-navi/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Eliakim","he":"אֶלְיָקִים","desc":"Eliakim — 'Aviud begat Elyakim; and Elyakim begat Azor' (Matthew 1:13) — a name shared with kings and stewards, carried here by a man scripture says nothin","url":"/tree/elyakim/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Enosh","he":"אֱנוֹשׁ","desc":"Enosh — In his days, men began to call upon the Name of Yah","url":"/tree/enosh/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Er","he":"עֵר","desc":"Er — Yehudah's firstborn, by his Canaanite wife Bat-Shua — died childless for being 'wicked in the sight of the LORD'","url":"/tree/er/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Eber","he":"עֵבֶר","desc":"Eber — Father of Peleg, in whose days the earth was divided — traditional namesake of 'Hebrew'","url":"/tree/ever/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Tribe of Gad","he":"גָּד","desc":"Gad was the firstborn of Zilpah and seventh son of Jacob. Warriors and raiders who settled Gilead east of the Jordan — the tribe from whose territory both Yiftach the judge and Elijah the prophet aros","url":"/tree/gad/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Gershon","he":"גֵּרְשׁוֹן","desc":"Gershon — Levi's firstborn — founder of the Gershonite division of Tabernacle service","url":"/tree/gershon/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Gideon","he":"גִּדְעוֹן","desc":"Gideon — called from a threshing floor, tore down the altar of Ba’al, reduced his army to 300, and routed Midian with “The sword of Yah and of Gideon.”","url":"/tree/gidon/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Guni","he":"גּוּנִי","desc":"Guni — Naftali's second son — founder of the Gunite clan","url":"/tree/guni/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Tribe of Issachar","he":"יִשָּׂשכָר","desc":"Issachar was the fifth son of Leah and ninth son of Jacob. The tribe renowned in 1 Chronicles 12:32 as ","url":"/tree/issachar/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Tribe of Joseph","he":"יוֹסֵף","desc":"Joseph was the eleventh son of Jacob and Rachel's firstborn — the dreamer sold into Egypt who rose to viceroy and saved Israel from famine. His double portion lives in two tribes: Ephraim and Manasseh","url":"/tree/joseph/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Tribe of Judah","he":"יְהוּדָה","desc":"Judah was the fourth son of Jacob and Leah — the kingly tribe. David, Solomon, and Yeshua the Messiah all came from Judah. Genesis 49:10 promises the scepter shall not depart from Judah until Shiloh c","url":"/tree/judah/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Carmi","he":"כַּרְמִי","desc":"Carmi — Founder of the Carmite clan of Reuven — a different Karmi (descendant of Zerach) appears later as Achan's grandfather (Joshua 7:1)","url":"/tree/karmi/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Kohath","he":"קְהָת","desc":"Kohath — Levi's second son — ancestor of Moshe, Aharon, and Miryam through his son Amram","url":"/tree/kehat/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Cainan","he":"קֵינָן","desc":"Cainan — Fourth from Adam in the line that runs through Shet to Noach","url":"/tree/kenan/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Lamech","he":"לֶמֶךְ","desc":"Lamech — Named his son Noach as a word of comfort for a cursed ground","url":"/tree/lemech/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Tribe of Levi","he":"לֵוִי","desc":"Levi was the third son of Jacob and Leah — the tribe that received no territorial inheritance but was scattered as a blessing through all Israel as priests, singers, and teachers. Moses, Aaron, Miriam","url":"/tree/levi/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Maacah","he":"מַעֲכָה","desc":"Maacah — Favored wife of Rechavam, mother of Aviyah — later deposed as queen mother for idolatry by her own grandson Asa","url":"/tree/maakah-bat-avshalom/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Mahalalel","he":"מַהֲלַלְאֵל","desc":"Mahalalel — Praise of God — fifth from Adam in the line to Noach","url":"/tree/mahalalel/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Matthan","he":"מַתָּן","desc":"Matthan — 'Elazar begat Mattan; and Mattan begat Yaakov' (Matthew 1:15–16) — the last of eight names scripture gives us only as links in a chain, before th","url":"/tree/mattan/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Manasseh","he":"מְנַשֶּׁה","desc":"Manasseh — The longest reign of any king — and by 2 Kings' account, the worst; yet 2 Chronicles alone records that even Menashe humbled himself and was res","url":"/tree/menashe-melech-yehudah/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Merari","he":"מְרָרִי","desc":"Merari — Levi's third son — founder of the Merarite division responsible for the Tabernacle's structural framework","url":"/tree/merari/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Methuselah","he":"מְתוּשֶׁלַח","desc":"Methuselah — The longest-lived person named in scripture — 969 years","url":"/tree/metushelach/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Mary","he":"מִרְיָם","desc":"Mary — 'Behold the handmaid of Yah; be it unto me according to thy word' (Luke 1:38) — the only woman named in this dataset's entire post-exilic spine, in ","url":"/tree/miryam/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Naamah","he":"נַעֲמָה","desc":"Naamah — Naamah the Ammonitess — named mother of King Rechavam","url":"/tree/naamah-ha-amonit/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Nahor","he":"נָחוֹר","desc":"Nahor — Grandfather of Avraham — not to be confused with Avraham's brother of the same name","url":"/tree/nachor-ben-serug/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Nahshon","he":"נַחְשׁוֹן","desc":"Nahshon — Prince of Yehudah; his tribe's standard marched first — brother-in-law of Aharon","url":"/tree/nachshon/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Tribe of Naphtali","he":"נַפְתָּלִי","desc":"Naphtali was the second son of Bilhah and sixth son of Jacob. The tribe's territory in upper Galilee is the land Isaiah 9:1 calls out — the region where a great light would appear. Yeshua fulfilled th","url":"/tree/naphtali/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Ohad","he":"אֹהַד","desc":"Ohad — Shimon's third son — the one name entirely absent from the later Numbers 26 and 1 Chronicles 4 clan-lists","url":"/tree/ohad/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Onan","he":"אוֹנָן","desc":"Onan — Yehudah's second son — refused to give his brother's widow an heir, and died for it","url":"/tree/onan/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Obed","he":"עוֹבֵד","desc":"Obed — A son born to Naomi — son of Boaz and Ruth, grandfather of David","url":"/tree/oved/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Pallu","he":"פַּלּוּא","desc":"Pallu — Founder of the Palluite clan — three generations down his line produced Dathan and Abiram of Korach's rebellion","url":"/tree/pallu/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Peleg","he":"פֶּלֶג","desc":"Peleg — His name marks the division of the earth in his father's generation","url":"/tree/peleg/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Perez","he":"פֶּרֶץ","desc":"Perez — He broke through first — twin son of Yehudah and Tamar, ancestor of David","url":"/tree/peretz/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Rahav","he":"רָחָב","desc":"Rahab of Jericho hid Israel’s spies, joined the covenant, and became the great-great-grandmother of David — named in Matthew 1:5 and praised in Hebrews 11.","url":"/tree/rahav/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Ram","he":"רָם","desc":"Ram — Bridge-name in Ruth's genealogy between Chetzron and Aminadav — and the site of Luke's most disputed genealogical reading","url":"/tree/ram/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Rehoboam","he":"רְחַבְעָם","desc":"Rehoboam — My father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions — the king under whom the kingdom split","url":"/tree/rechavam/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Reu","he":"רְעוּ","desc":"Reu — Father of Serug, fifth-from-last before Avraham","url":"/tree/reu/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Tribe of Reuben","he":"רְאוּבֵן","desc":"Reuben was Jacob's firstborn by Leah — the son who lost his birthright by his own hand, yet interceded to save Joseph's life. Explore his birth, Jacob's blessing, tribal territory east of the Jordan, ","url":"/tree/reuben/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Ruth","he":"רוּת","desc":"Ruth the Moabite — whose loyalty to Naomi and marriage to Boaz made her great-grandmother of David and an ancestor of Yeshua, named in Matthew 1:5.","url":"/tree/ruth/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Salmon","he":"שַׂלְמוֹן","desc":"Salmon — Married Rahav after Jericho fell — father of Boaz","url":"/tree/salmon/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Serug","he":"שְׂרוּג","desc":"Serug — Whose name means 'branch' or 'tendril' — father of Nachor","url":"/tree/serug/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Shaul ben Kish","he":"שָׁאוּל","desc":"Saul — tall, anointed by Shmuel, and Israel’s first king — whose disobedience cost him the dynasty and whose jealousy of David shapes much of 1 Samuel.","url":"/tree/shaul-ben-kish/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Shaul","he":"שָׁאוּל","desc":"Shaul — Shimon's sixth son, born of his father's unnamed Canaanite wife — founder of the Shaulite clan","url":"/tree/shaul-ben-shimon/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Shealtiel","he":"Salathiel","desc":"Shealtiel (Salathiel) — His name means 'I have asked of God' — born into the captivity that Yirmeyahu had called childless, he is named seven times in scri","url":"/tree/shealtiel/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Shelah","he":"שֶׁלַח","desc":"Shelah — Father of Ever — and the site of a known Hebrew/Greek genealogical divergence (see note)","url":"/tree/shelach/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Shelah","he":"שֵׁלָה","desc":"Shelah — Yehudah's third son — the withheld bridegroom whose delay set Genesis 38's events in motion; founder of the Shelanite clan","url":"/tree/shelah/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Shillem","he":"שִׁלֵּם","desc":"Shillem — Naftali's fourth son — founder of the Shillemite clan, also called 'Shallum' in 1 Chronicles 7:13","url":"/tree/shilem/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Shimshon","he":"שִׁמְשׁוֹן","desc":"Samson — born under a Nazirite vow, deliverer of Israel from the Philistines, undone by Delilah, and remembered among the heroes of faith in Hebrews 11.","url":"/tree/shimshon/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Shlomo ha-Melech","he":"שְׁלֹמֹה","desc":"King Solomon — son of David and Bathsheva, builder of the First Temple, and the wisdom-king of Israel. Family, scripture, and his place in Yeshua’s line.","url":"/tree/shlomo-ha-melech/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Shmuel ha-Navi","he":"שְׁמוּאֵל","desc":"Samuel — Hannah’s son, the last judge of Israel, who anointed both Shaul and David and confronted Shaul’s disobedience as king.","url":"/tree/shmuel-ha-navi/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Tribe of Simeon","he":"שִׁמְעוֹן","desc":"Simeon was the second son of Jacob and Leah — the brother who avenged Dinah at Shechem with Levi and whose tribe was eventually scattered within Judah's allotment. Explore his story, Jacob's blessing,","url":"/tree/simeon/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Tamar","he":"תָּמָר","desc":"Tamar — More righteous than I — mother of Peretz and Zerach, named in Matthew's genealogy","url":"/tree/tamar-eshet-yehudah/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Terah","he":"תֶּרַח","desc":"Terah — Father of Avraham; led the family from Ur toward Canaan but settled in Charan","url":"/tree/terach/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Sadoc","he":"צָדוֹק","desc":"Sadoc — 'Azor begat Tzadok; and Tzadok begat Achim' (Matthew 1:14) — a name ('righteous') shared with David's high priest, borne here by a man otherwise un","url":"/tree/tzadok-ben-azor/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Zohar","he":"צֹחַר","desc":"Zohar — Shimon's fifth son — called 'Zerach' in Numbers 26 and 1 Chronicles 4, unrelated to Yehudah's son of the same later name","url":"/tree/tzochar/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Uzziah","he":"עֻזִּיָּהוּ","desc":"Uzziah — He sought Yah and prospered for fifty-two years — until pride led him into the Temple and he was struck with tzara'at","url":"/tree/uziyahu/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Jacob","he":"יַעֲקֹב","desc":"Jacob — 'Mattan begat Yaakov; and Yaakov begat Yosef the husband of Miryam, of whom was born Yeshua, who is called Messiah' (Matthew 1:16) — his name echoe","url":"/tree/yaakov-avi-yosef/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Jachin","he":"יָכִין","desc":"Jachin — Shimon's fourth son, founder of the Jachinite clan — replaced by 'Yarib' in 1 Chronicles 4:24's parallel list","url":"/tree/yachin/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Jahzeel","he":"יַחְצְאֵל","desc":"Jahzeel — Naftali's firstborn — founder of the Jahzeelite clan","url":"/tree/yachtze-el/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Yael","he":"יָעֵל","desc":"Jael — the Kenite woman who killed Sisera with a tent peg after his defeat by Devorah and Barak, and was called ","url":"/tree/yael/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Jamin","he":"יָמִין","desc":"Jamin — Shimon's second son — one of only two names (with Shaul) common to Genesis 46, Numbers 26, and 1 Chronicles 4's lists for Shimon's sons","url":"/tree/yamin/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Jared","he":"יֶרֶד","desc":"Jared — Father of Chanoch, who walked with God","url":"/tree/yared/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Jehoiachin","he":"יְכָנְיָהוּ","desc":"Jehoiachin — 'Write this man down as childless' — yet Matthew names his son; in the thirty-seventh year of exile, his head was lifted up, and the line did ","url":"/tree/yechonyahu/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Yehonatan ben Shaul","he":"יְהוֹנָתָן","desc":"Jonathan — Shaul’s eldest son, a fearless warrior whose covenant friendship with David, “passing the love of women,” is one of Scripture’s great loyalties.","url":"/tree/yehonatan-ben-shaul/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Jehoshaphat","he":"יְהוֹשָׁפָט","desc":"Jehoshaphat — He walked in the ways of Asa his father and did right — yet allied by marriage with the house of Achav","url":"/tree/yehoshafat/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Yehoshua bin Nun","he":"יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן־נוּן","desc":"Joshua son of Nun — Moshe’s attendant, one of the twelve spies, and the leader who carried Israel into the Promised Land. The name behind the name Yeshua.","url":"/tree/yehoshua-bin-nun/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Jehoiakim","he":"יְהוֹיָקִים","desc":"Jehoiakim — Renamed by a foreign king, he burned the prophet's scroll page by page — and Matthew's genealogy passes over his name in silence","url":"/tree/yehoyakim/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Jemuel","he":"יְמוּאֵל","desc":"Jemuel — Shimon's firstborn — also called Nemuel in Numbers 26 and 1 Chronicles 4","url":"/tree/yemuel/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Jesus","he":"יֵשׁוּעַ","desc":"Jesus — 'The book of the generation of Yeshua HaMashiach, the son of David, the son of Avraham' (Matthew 1:1) — sixty-four generations from Adam, the spine","url":"/tree/yeshua/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Jezer","he":"יֵצֶר","desc":"Jezer — Naftali's third son — founder of the Jezerite clan","url":"/tree/yetzer/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Yiftach","he":"יִפְתָּח","desc":"Jephthah — driven out as the son of a zonah, recalled by Gilad’s elders to fight Ammon, whose rash vow gave Scripture one of its most debated stories.","url":"/tree/yiftach/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Yishai","he":"יִשַׁי","desc":"Yishai (Jesse) of Beit-Lechem, father of King David — Isaiah's “root of Jesse” (11:1), quoted in Romans 15:12 and named in Yeshua's genealogy.","url":"/tree/yishai/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Joash","he":"יוֹאָשׁ","desc":"Joash — Hidden as an infant, crowned at seven — but ordered the death of his rescuer's son and was assassinated in revenge","url":"/tree/yoash-melech-yehudah/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Jehoram","he":"יְהוֹרָם","desc":"Jehoram — He walked in the way of the house of Achav, for Achav's daughter was his wife","url":"/tree/yoram-melech-yehudah/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Joseph","he":"יוֹסֵף","desc":"Joseph — 'Yaakov begat Yosef the husband of Miryam, of whom was born Yeshua, who is called Messiah' (Matthew 1:16) — the genealogy's final 'begat,' in the ","url":"/tree/yosef-mi-natzeret/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Josiah","he":"יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ","desc":"Josiah — No king before or after turned to Yah as he did — yet he died at Megiddo, and Yehudah's judgment was only delayed, not undone","url":"/tree/yoshiyahu/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Jotham","he":"יוֹתָם","desc":"Jotham — He did right as his father had — his reign anchors the opening dates of Isaiah, Hosea, and Micah","url":"/tree/yotam/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Tribe of Zebulun","he":"זְבוּלֻן","desc":"Zebulun was the sixth son of Leah and tenth son of Jacob. The tribe's lower Galilee territory is the land named in Isaiah 9:1 — where the great light appeared. Jonah the prophet was from Zebulun; so w","url":"/tree/zebulun/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Zerah","he":"זֶרַח","desc":"Zerah — Peretz's twin — his hand appeared first and was marked with the scarlet thread, but Peretz was born first; named alongside him in Matthew 1:3","url":"/tree/zerach/"},{"t":"tree","name":"Zerubbabel","he":"זְרֻבָּבֶל","desc":"Zerubbabel — Yah took the very word 'signet,' spoken as a curse over his grandfather (Jeremiah 22:24), and gave it back to him as a promise: 'I will make t","url":"/tree/zerubavel/"},{"t":"law","title":"Believe in God","ref":"Exodus 20:2","url":"/en/laws/believe-in-god/"},{"t":"law","title":"Affirm the Unity of God","ref":"Deuteronomy 6:4","url":"/en/laws/shema-unity-of-god/"},{"t":"law","title":"Love God","ref":"Deuteronomy 6:5","url":"/en/laws/love-god/"},{"t":"law","title":"Fear / Revere God","ref":"Deuteronomy 10:20","url":"/en/laws/fear-of-god/"},{"t":"law","title":"Serve God Through Prayer","ref":"Exodus 23:25","url":"/en/laws/serve-god-through-prayer/"},{"t":"law","title":"Cleave to God","ref":"Deuteronomy 10:20","url":"/en/laws/cleave-to-god/"},{"t":"law","title":"Swear by God's Name","ref":"Deuteronomy 10:20","url":"/en/laws/swear-by-gods-name/"},{"t":"law","title":"Walk in God's Ways","ref":"Deuteronomy 28:9","url":"/en/laws/walk-in-gods-ways/"},{"t":"law","title":"Sanctify God's Name","ref":"Leviticus 22:32","url":"/en/laws/sanctify-gods-name/"},{"t":"law","title":"Recite the Shema Daily","ref":"Deuteronomy 6:7","url":"/en/laws/recite-the-shema/"},{"t":"law","title":"Study Torah","ref":"Deuteronomy 6:7","url":"/en/laws/study-torah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Teach Torah to Children","ref":"Deuteronomy 11:19","url":"/en/laws/teach-torah-to-children/"},{"t":"law","title":"Wear Tefillin on the Arm","ref":"Deuteronomy 6:8","url":"/en/laws/tefillin-on-the-arm/"},{"t":"law","title":"Wear Tefillin on the Head","ref":"Deuteronomy 6:8","url":"/en/laws/tefillin-on-the-head/"},{"t":"law","title":"Affix a Mezuzah","ref":"Deuteronomy 6:9","url":"/en/laws/mezuzah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Assemble the People (Hakhel)","ref":"Deuteronomy 31:12","url":"/en/laws/hakhel-assembly/"},{"t":"law","title":"Write a Torah Scroll","ref":"Deuteronomy 31:19","url":"/en/laws/write-a-torah-scroll/"},{"t":"law","title":"Wear Tzitzit","ref":"Numbers 15:38","url":"/en/laws/tzitzit/"},{"t":"law","title":"Bless God After Eating","ref":"Deuteronomy 8:10","url":"/en/laws/bless-god-after-eating/"},{"t":"law","title":"Build the Temple","ref":"Exodus 25:8","url":"/en/laws/build-the-temple/"},{"t":"law","title":"Revere the Temple","ref":"Leviticus 19:30","url":"/en/laws/revere-the-temple/"},{"t":"law","title":"Guard the Temple","ref":"Numbers 18:4","url":"/en/laws/guard-the-temple/"},{"t":"law","title":"Levites Serve the Temple","ref":"Numbers 18:23","url":"/en/laws/levites-serve-the-temple/"},{"t":"law","title":"Kohanim Perform Temple Service","ref":"Exodus 28:41","url":"/en/laws/kohanim-temple-service/"},{"t":"law","title":"Kohanim Wash Hands and Feet","ref":"Exodus 30:19","url":"/en/laws/kohanim-wash-hands-feet/"},{"t":"law","title":"Kindle the Menorah Daily","ref":"Exodus 27:21","url":"/en/laws/kindle-the-menorah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Levites Carry the Ark on Their Shoulders","ref":"Numbers 7:9","url":"/en/laws/levites-carry-the-ark/"},{"t":"law","title":"Burn Incense on the Altar Daily","ref":"Exodus 30:7","url":"/en/laws/burn-incense-daily/"},{"t":"law","title":"Offer the Daily Burnt Offering   The Tamid","ref":"Numbers 28:3","url":"/en/laws/tamid-daily-offering/"},{"t":"law","title":"Keep the Altar Fire Burning Perpetually","ref":"Leviticus 6:6","url":"/en/laws/perpetual-altar-fire/"},{"t":"law","title":"Remove Ashes from the Altar Daily","ref":"Leviticus 6:3","url":"/en/laws/remove-altar-ashes/"},{"t":"law","title":"Kohen Eats the Remainder of Meal Offerings","ref":"Leviticus 6:9","url":"/en/laws/kohen-eats-meal-offering/"},{"t":"law","title":"Prepare the Temple Oil","ref":"Exodus 27:20","url":"/en/laws/prepare-temple-oil/"},{"t":"law","title":"Erect the Tabernacle Properly","ref":"Exodus 26:30","url":"/en/laws/erect-the-tabernacle/"},{"t":"law","title":"Kohen Gadol Wears Eight Garments","ref":"Exodus 28:4","url":"/en/laws/kohen-gadol-garments/"},{"t":"law","title":"Regular Kohen Wears Four Garments","ref":"Exodus 28:40","url":"/en/laws/kohen-garments/"},{"t":"law","title":"Remember the Sabbath   Kiddush","ref":"Exodus 20:8","url":"/en/laws/remember-the-sabbath/"},{"t":"law","title":"Rest on the Sabbath","ref":"Exodus 23:12","url":"/en/laws/rest-on-the-sabbath/"},{"t":"law","title":"Rest on Yom Kippur","ref":"Leviticus 23:32","url":"/en/laws/rest-on-yom-kippur/"},{"t":"law","title":"Fast on Yom Kippur","ref":"Leviticus 16:29","url":"/en/laws/fast-on-yom-kippur/"},{"t":"law","title":"Rest on Rosh Hashanah","ref":"Leviticus 23:24","url":"/en/laws/rest-on-rosh-hashanah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Sound the Shofar on Rosh Hashanah","ref":"Numbers 29:1","url":"/en/laws/sound-the-shofar/"},{"t":"law","title":"Rest on Passover Day One","ref":"Leviticus 23:7","url":"/en/laws/rest-on-passover-day-one/"},{"t":"law","title":"Rest on Passover Day Seven","ref":"Leviticus 23:8","url":"/en/laws/rest-on-passover-day-seven/"},{"t":"law","title":"Rest on Shavuot","ref":"Leviticus 23:21","url":"/en/laws/rest-on-shavuot/"},{"t":"law","title":"Rest on the First Day of Sukkot","ref":"Leviticus 23:35","url":"/en/laws/rest-on-sukkot/"},{"t":"law","title":"Rest on Shemini Atzeret","ref":"Leviticus 23:36","url":"/en/laws/rest-on-shemini-atzeret/"},{"t":"law","title":"Rejoice on the Festivals","ref":"Deuteronomy 16:14","url":"/en/laws/rejoice-on-festivals/"},{"t":"law","title":"Appear at the Temple (Aliyah LaRegel)","ref":"Deuteronomy 16:16","url":"/en/laws/appear-at-temple/"},{"t":"law","title":"Bring a Pilgrimage Offering","ref":"Exodus 23:15","url":"/en/laws/bring-pilgrimage-offering/"},{"t":"law","title":"Slaughter the Passover Offering","ref":"Exodus 12:6","url":"/en/laws/slaughter-passover-offering/"},{"t":"law","title":"Eat the Passover with Matzah and Maror","ref":"Exodus 12:8","url":"/en/laws/eat-passover-with-matzah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Eat Matzah on the First Night of Passover","ref":"Exodus 12:18","url":"/en/laws/eat-matzah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Retell the Exodus   The Haggadah","ref":"Exodus 13:8","url":"/en/laws/haggadah-retell-exodus/"},{"t":"law","title":"Observe Pesach Sheni   Second Passover","ref":"Numbers 9:11","url":"/en/laws/pesach-sheni/"},{"t":"law","title":"Recite the First Fruits Declaration","ref":"Deuteronomy 26:5","url":"/en/laws/first-fruits-declaration/"},{"t":"law","title":"Count the Omer","ref":"Leviticus 23:15","url":"/en/laws/count-the-omer/"},{"t":"law","title":"Bring the Omer Wave Offering","ref":"Leviticus 23:10","url":"/en/laws/omer-wave-offering/"},{"t":"law","title":"Bring the Two Loaves on Shavuot","ref":"Leviticus 23:17","url":"/en/laws/two-loaves-shavuot/"},{"t":"law","title":"Take the Four Species on Sukkot","ref":"Leviticus 23:40","url":"/en/laws/four-species-sukkot/"},{"t":"law","title":"Dwell in a Sukkah for Seven Days","ref":"Leviticus 23:42","url":"/en/laws/dwell-in-sukkah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Shemitah   Let the Land Rest","ref":"Exodus 23:11","url":"/en/laws/shemitah-land-rest/"},{"t":"law","title":"Release Loans in Shemitah","ref":"Deuteronomy 15:3","url":"/en/laws/release-loans-shemitah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Treat Shemitah Produce as Holy","ref":"Leviticus 25:10","url":"/en/laws/holy-shemitah-produce/"},{"t":"law","title":"Sanctify the Jubilee Year","ref":"Leviticus 25:10","url":"/en/laws/sanctify-jubilee/"},{"t":"law","title":"Sound the Jubilee Shofar","ref":"Leviticus 25:9","url":"/en/laws/sound-jubilee-shofar/"},{"t":"law","title":"Redemption Laws for Sold Land","ref":"Leviticus 25:24","url":"/en/laws/redeem-sold-land/"},{"t":"law","title":"Separate Terumah for the Kohanim","ref":"Deuteronomy 18:4","url":"/en/laws/terumah-priestly-portion/"},{"t":"law","title":"Give the First Tithe to the Levites","ref":"Numbers 18:24","url":"/en/laws/first-tithe-levites/"},{"t":"law","title":"Levites Give a Tithe of Their Tithe","ref":"Numbers 18:26","url":"/en/laws/levite-tithe-to-kohanim/"},{"t":"law","title":"Set Aside the Second Tithe","ref":"Deuteronomy 14:22","url":"/en/laws/second-tithe/"},{"t":"law","title":"Give the Poor Tithe","ref":"Deuteronomy 14:28","url":"/en/laws/poor-tithe/"},{"t":"law","title":"Separate Challah for the Kohen","ref":"Numbers 15:20","url":"/en/laws/challah-portion/"},{"t":"law","title":"Leave the Corners of Fields for the Poor","ref":"Leviticus 19:9","url":"/en/laws/peah-corners-for-poor/"},{"t":"law","title":"Leave the Fallen Gleanings for the Poor","ref":"Leviticus 19:9","url":"/en/laws/leket-gleanings/"},{"t":"law","title":"Leave Forgotten Sheaves in the Field","ref":"Deuteronomy 24:19","url":"/en/laws/shikcha-forgotten-sheaves/"},{"t":"law","title":"Leave Fallen Grapes and Small Clusters","ref":"Leviticus 19:10","url":"/en/laws/grape-gleanings/"},{"t":"law","title":"Bring First Fruits to the Temple","ref":"Exodus 23:19","url":"/en/laws/bikkurim-first-fruits/"},{"t":"law","title":"Permit all to eat Sabbatical year produce","ref":"Exodus 23:11","url":"/en/laws/sabbatical-produce-for-all/"},{"t":"law","title":"Honor the Kohanim","ref":"Leviticus 21:8","url":"/en/laws/honor-the-kohanim/"},{"t":"law","title":"Kohanim bless Israel (Duchening)","ref":"Numbers 6:23","url":"/en/laws/priestly-blessing-birkat-kohanim/"},{"t":"law","title":"Levites sing in the Temple","ref":"Numbers 18:6","url":"/en/laws/levites-sing-in-temple/"},{"t":"law","title":"Immerse in a Mikveh for purification","ref":"Leviticus 15:16","url":"/en/laws/mikveh-immersion/"},{"t":"law","title":"Woman immerses after childbirth","ref":"Leviticus 12:6","url":"/en/laws/purification-after-childbirth/"},{"t":"law","title":"Woman immerses after menstrual period (Niddah)","ref":"Leviticus 15:28","url":"/en/laws/niddah-purification/"},{"t":"law","title":"Man with emission immerses in Mikveh","ref":"Leviticus 15:13","url":"/en/laws/zav-purification/"},{"t":"law","title":"Purification ritual for Metzora (skin affliction)","ref":"Leviticus 14:2","url":"/en/laws/metzora-purification/"},{"t":"law","title":"Red Heifer purification from corpse impurity","ref":"Numbers 19:2","url":"/en/laws/red-heifer-purification/"},{"t":"law","title":"Send ritually impure persons outside the camp","ref":"Numbers 5:2","url":"/en/laws/send-impure-from-camp/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws of impurity of garments","ref":"Leviticus 13:47","url":"/en/laws/tzaraat-of-garments/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws of impurity of houses","ref":"Leviticus 14:34","url":"/en/laws/tzaraat-of-houses/"},{"t":"law","title":"Identify signs of kosher animals","ref":"Leviticus 11:2","url":"/en/laws/kosher-animal-signs/"},{"t":"law","title":"Identify kosher fish by fins and scales","ref":"Leviticus 11:9","url":"/en/laws/kosher-fish-signs/"},{"t":"law","title":"Identify forbidden birds by name","ref":"Leviticus 11:13","url":"/en/laws/kosher-bird-signs/"},{"t":"law","title":"Identify kosher locusts by jointed legs","ref":"Leviticus 11:21","url":"/en/laws/kosher-locust-signs/"},{"t":"law","title":"Slaughter animals according to the halacha","ref":"Deuteronomy 12:21","url":"/en/laws/shechita/"},{"t":"law","title":"Cover the blood of hunted wild animals and birds","ref":"Leviticus 17:13","url":"/en/laws/cover-the-blood/"},{"t":"law","title":"Send away the mother bird before taking the young","ref":"Deuteronomy 22:7","url":"/en/laws/shiluach-haken/"},{"t":"law","title":"Examine the slaughtering knife for nicks and flaws","ref":"Deuteronomy 12:21","url":"/en/laws/check-slaughter-knife/"},{"t":"law","title":"Redeem every firstborn son with five shekels","ref":"Exodus 13:13","url":"/en/laws/redeem-firstborn-son/"},{"t":"law","title":"Redeem the firstborn donkey with a lamb","ref":"Exodus 34:20","url":"/en/laws/redeem-firstborn-donkey/"},{"t":"law","title":"Redeem dedicated objects that cannot be offered","ref":"Leviticus 27:27","url":"/en/laws/redeem-dedicated-objects/"},{"t":"law","title":"Bring firstborn kosher animals to the Temple","ref":"Deuteronomy 15:19","url":"/en/laws/firstborn-animal-temple/"},{"t":"law","title":"Give the first shearing of sheep to the Kohen","ref":"Deuteronomy 18:4","url":"/en/laws/first-shearing-sheep/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws of the burnt offering (Olah)","ref":"Leviticus 1:2","url":"/en/laws/burnt-offering-olah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws of the meal offering (Mincha)","ref":"Leviticus 2:1","url":"/en/laws/meal-offering-mincha/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws of the peace offering (Shelamim)","ref":"Leviticus 3:1","url":"/en/laws/peace-offering-shelamim/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws of the sin offering (Chatat)","ref":"Leviticus 4:2","url":"/en/laws/sin-offering-chatat/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws of the guilt offering (Asham)","ref":"Leviticus 5:15","url":"/en/laws/guilt-offering-asham/"},{"t":"law","title":"Sliding-scale offerings based on ability to pay","ref":"Leviticus 5:7","url":"/en/laws/sliding-scale-offerings/"},{"t":"law","title":"Confess sins verbally when bringing offerings","ref":"Leviticus 5:5","url":"/en/laws/verbal-confession-offerings/"},{"t":"law","title":"Additional Musaf offering on Shabbat and Holidays","ref":"Numbers 28:9","url":"/en/laws/musaf-additional-offering/"},{"t":"law","title":"Burn the fats of offerings on the altar","ref":"Leviticus 1:9","url":"/en/laws/burn-fats-on-altar/"},{"t":"law","title":"Kohanim receive portions of offerings","ref":"Numbers 18:11","url":"/en/laws/kohen-portions-offerings/"},{"t":"law","title":"Fulfill vows made to God","ref":"Deuteronomy 23:21","url":"/en/laws/fulfill-vows-to-god/"},{"t":"law","title":"Fulfill oaths","ref":"Deuteronomy 23:23","url":"/en/laws/fulfill-oaths/"},{"t":"law","title":"Annulment of vows by a rabbinic court","ref":"Numbers 30:3","url":"/en/laws/vow-annulment-court/"},{"t":"law","title":"Be fruitful and multiply (procreation)","ref":"Genesis 1:28","url":"/en/laws/be-fruitful-multiply/"},{"t":"law","title":"Marry through Kiddushin","ref":"Deuteronomy 24:1","url":"/en/laws/marriage-kiddushin/"},{"t":"law","title":"Marry your brother's widow (Yibbum)","ref":"Deuteronomy 25:5","url":"/en/laws/levirate-marriage-yibbum/"},{"t":"law","title":"Release from levirate marriage (Chalitzah)","ref":"Deuteronomy 25:9","url":"/en/laws/chalitzah-release/"},{"t":"law","title":"Provide for your wife (Ketubah)","ref":"Exodus 21:10","url":"/en/laws/ketubah-husbands-obligations/"},{"t":"law","title":"Issue a written bill of divorce (Get)","ref":"Deuteronomy 24:1","url":"/en/laws/divorce-bill-get/"},{"t":"law","title":"Love your neighbor as yourself","ref":"Leviticus 19:18","url":"/en/laws/love-your-neighbor/"},{"t":"law","title":"Love the convert (Ger)","ref":"Deuteronomy 10:19","url":"/en/laws/love-the-convert/"},{"t":"law","title":"Give charity to the poor (Tzedakah)","ref":"Deuteronomy 15:11","url":"/en/laws/give-charity-tzedakah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Lend to the poor without interest","ref":"Exodus 22:25","url":"/en/laws/lend-without-interest/"},{"t":"law","title":"Free the Hebrew servant in the seventh year","ref":"Exodus 21:2","url":"/en/laws/free-hebrew-slave-six-years/"},{"t":"law","title":"Give parting gifts to a freed servant (Ha'anakah)","ref":"Deuteronomy 15:14","url":"/en/laws/gifts-to-freed-slave/"},{"t":"law","title":"Free Hebrew slaves in the Jubilee year","ref":"Leviticus 25:41","url":"/en/laws/free-slaves-jubilee-year/"},{"t":"law","title":"Honor father and mother","ref":"Exodus 20:12","url":"/en/laws/honor-father-mother/"},{"t":"law","title":"Revere father and mother","ref":"Leviticus 19:3","url":"/en/laws/revere-father-mother/"},{"t":"law","title":"Honor Torah scholars","ref":"Leviticus 19:32","url":"/en/laws/honor-torah-scholars/"},{"t":"law","title":"Rebuke your neighbor","ref":"Leviticus 19:17","url":"/en/laws/rebuke-your-neighbor/"},{"t":"law","title":"Execute lashes for punishable offenses","ref":"Deuteronomy 25:2","url":"/en/laws/lashes-for-offenses/"},{"t":"law","title":"Appoint judges in every city","ref":"Deuteronomy 16:18","url":"/en/laws/appoint-judges-every-city/"},{"t":"law","title":"Pursue justice","ref":"Deuteronomy 16:20","url":"/en/laws/pursue-justice/"},{"t":"law","title":"Judge with righteous judgment","ref":"Leviticus 19:15","url":"/en/laws/judge-righteous-judgment/"},{"t":"law","title":"Testify in court when you have evidence","ref":"Leviticus 5:1","url":"/en/laws/testify-when-you-know/"},{"t":"law","title":"Establish the Great Sanhedrin","ref":"Deuteronomy 17:8","url":"/en/laws/establish-great-sanhedrin/"},{"t":"law","title":"Appoint a king when in Israel","ref":"Deuteronomy 17:14","url":"/en/laws/appoint-a-king/"},{"t":"law","title":"Honor and revere the king","ref":"1 Samuel 24:6","url":"/en/laws/honor-revere-king/"},{"t":"law","title":"Mark off property boundaries properly","ref":"Deuteronomy 19:14","url":"/en/laws/mark-property-boundaries/"},{"t":"law","title":"Wage mandatory war when required","ref":"Deuteronomy 20:1","url":"/en/laws/wage-mandatory-war/"},{"t":"law","title":"Keep the military camp spiritually pure","ref":"Deuteronomy 23:9","url":"/en/laws/keep-camp-pure/"},{"t":"law","title":"Offer peace before attacking a city","ref":"Deuteronomy 20:10","url":"/en/laws/offer-peace-before-war/"},{"t":"law","title":"Observe all laws of the Nazirite vow","ref":"Numbers 6:2","url":"/en/laws/nazirite-vow/"},{"t":"law","title":"Nazirite shaves head at end of vow","ref":"Numbers 6:13","url":"/en/laws/nazirite-shaves-head/"},{"t":"law","title":"Use honest weights and measures","ref":"Leviticus 19:35","url":"/en/laws/honest-weights-measures/"},{"t":"law","title":"Remember the Exodus Every Day","ref":"Deuteronomy 16:3","url":"/en/laws/remember-exodus-daily/"},{"t":"law","title":"Sanctify the New Month","ref":"Exodus 12:2","url":"/en/laws/sanctify-new-month/"},{"t":"law","title":"Additional Shabbat Rest","ref":"Leviticus 23:3","url":"/en/laws/additional-shabbat-rest/"},{"t":"law","title":"Repent and Return to God","ref":"Leviticus 5:5","url":"/en/laws/repent-return-to-god/"},{"t":"law","title":"Confess Sins Verbally","ref":"Numbers 5:7","url":"/en/laws/confess-sins-verbally/"},{"t":"law","title":"Write a Torah Scroll","ref":"Deuteronomy 31:19","url":"/en/laws/write-torah-scroll/"},{"t":"law","title":"Work the Land for Six Years","ref":"Exodus 23:10","url":"/en/laws/work-land-six-years/"},{"t":"law","title":"Examine Birds for Kosher Signs","ref":"Leviticus 11:13","url":"/en/laws/examine-birds-kosher/"},{"t":"law","title":"Examine Animals for Kosher Signs","ref":"Leviticus 11:2","url":"/en/laws/examine-animals-kosher/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws of Orlah","ref":"Leviticus 19:23","url":"/en/laws/laws-of-orlah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Redeem the Fourth-Year Fruit","ref":"Leviticus 19:24","url":"/en/laws/redeem-fourth-year-fruit/"},{"t":"law","title":"Bring Bikkurim: the First Fruits","ref":"Exodus 23:19","url":"/en/laws/bring-bikkurim-first-fruits/"},{"t":"law","title":"Dedicate a New House","ref":"Deuteronomy 20:5","url":"/en/laws/dedicate-new-house/"},{"t":"law","title":"Guard Your Soul","ref":"Deuteronomy 4:9","url":"/en/laws/guard-your-soul/"},{"t":"law","title":"Build a Parapet on a Flat Roof","ref":"Deuteronomy 22:8","url":"/en/laws/build-parapet-roof/"},{"t":"law","title":"Return Lost Property","ref":"Deuteronomy 22:1","url":"/en/laws/return-lost-property/"},{"t":"law","title":"Help Unload an Animal's Burden","ref":"Exodus 23:5","url":"/en/laws/help-unload-animal-burden/"},{"t":"law","title":"Help Load an Animal's Burden","ref":"Deuteronomy 22:4","url":"/en/laws/help-load-animal-burden/"},{"t":"law","title":"Return Stolen Goods","ref":"Leviticus 6:4","url":"/en/laws/return-stolen-goods/"},{"t":"law","title":"Pay Damages for Injury Caused","ref":"Exodus 21:18","url":"/en/laws/pay-damages-for-injury/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws of Houses in Walled Cities","ref":"Leviticus 25:29","url":"/en/laws/walled-city-house-redemption/"},{"t":"law","title":"Redeem a Hebrew Sold to a Non-Israelite","ref":"Leviticus 25:48","url":"/en/laws/redeem-hebrew-from-foreigner/"},{"t":"law","title":"Help Raise a Fallen Animal","ref":"Deuteronomy 22:4","url":"/en/laws/raise-fallen-animal/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws Against Overcharging (Onaah)","ref":"Leviticus 25:14","url":"/en/laws/laws-against-onaah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Pay Wages on Time","ref":"Deuteronomy 24:15","url":"/en/laws/pay-wages-on-time/"},{"t":"law","title":"Speak Truth in Court: The Oath of the Witness","ref":"Exodus 23:1","url":"/en/laws/speak-truth-in-court/"},{"t":"law","title":"Brit Milah: The Covenant of Circumcision","ref":"Genesis 17:10","url":"/en/laws/brit-milah-circumcision/"},{"t":"law","title":"Rise Before Torah Scholars and the Elderly","ref":"Leviticus 19:32","url":"/en/laws/rise-before-elders/"},{"t":"law","title":"Acts of Loving-Kindness: Gemilut Chasadim","ref":"Leviticus 19:18","url":"/en/laws/gemilut-chasadim/"},{"t":"law","title":"Visit the Sick: Bikur Holim","ref":"Deuteronomy 13:4","url":"/en/laws/visit-the-sick/"},{"t":"law","title":"Bury the Dead Promptly: Kavod Ha-Met","ref":"Deuteronomy 21:23","url":"/en/laws/bury-dead-promptly/"},{"t":"law","title":"Hospitality to Guests: Hachnasat Orchim","ref":"Genesis 18:3","url":"/en/laws/hospitality-guests/"},{"t":"law","title":"Six Years He Shall Serve: Hebrew Male Slave","ref":"Exodus 21:2","url":"/en/laws/laws-hebrew-male-slave/"},{"t":"law","title":"She Shall Not Go Out as the Male Slaves Do","ref":"Exodus 21:7","url":"/en/laws/laws-hebrew-female-slave/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Murderer Shall Be Put to Death","ref":"Numbers 35:16","url":"/en/laws/laws-intentional-murderer/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Manslayer Must Flee to a City of Refuge","ref":"Numbers 35:11","url":"/en/laws/exile-killer-city-of-refuge/"},{"t":"law","title":"Prepare the Roads: Establish Cities of Refuge","ref":"Deuteronomy 19:3","url":"/en/laws/establish-cities-of-refuge/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Six Cities of Refuge Are Levitical Cities","ref":"Numbers 35:6","url":"/en/laws/levites-serve-cities-of-refuge/"},{"t":"law","title":"You Must Provide for the Redemption of the Land","ref":"Leviticus 25:24","url":"/en/laws/land-redemption-right/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Eglah Arufah: Unsolved Murder Ceremony","ref":"Deuteronomy 21:1","url":"/en/laws/eglah-arufah-ceremony/"},{"t":"law","title":"He Writes Her a Certificate of Divorce: The Laws of the Get","ref":"Deuteronomy 24:1","url":"/en/laws/divorce-laws-get/"},{"t":"law","title":"If You See Among the Captives a Beautiful Woman: Yefat Toar","ref":"Deuteronomy 21:11","url":"/en/laws/captive-woman-yefat-toar/"},{"t":"law","title":"A Double Portion for the Firstborn: The Right of the Bechor","ref":"Deuteronomy 21:17","url":"/en/laws/firstborn-double-inheritance/"},{"t":"law","title":"A Stubborn and Rebellious Son: Ben Sorer u-Moreh","ref":"Deuteronomy 21:18","url":"/en/laws/rebellious-son-ben-sorer/"},{"t":"law","title":"His Body Shall Not Remain on the Tree: Burying the Executed","ref":"Deuteronomy 21:22","url":"/en/laws/bury-executed-criminal/"},{"t":"law","title":"Any Lost Thing of Your Brother's: Return All Lost Objects","ref":"Deuteronomy 22:3","url":"/en/laws/return-all-lost-objects/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Donkey of One Who Hates You: Help Even an Enemy","ref":"Exodus 23:5","url":"/en/laws/help-enemy-animal/"},{"t":"law","title":"Keep My Statutes: The Laws of Kilayim (Mixed Species)","ref":"Leviticus 19:19","url":"/en/laws/laws-kilayim/"},{"t":"law","title":"Wool and Linen Together: The Prohibition of Shatnez","ref":"Deuteronomy 22:11","url":"/en/laws/laws-shatnez/"},{"t":"law","title":"Tassels on the Four Corners: The Commandment of Tzitzit","ref":"Deuteronomy 22:12","url":"/en/laws/attach-tzitzit/"},{"t":"law","title":"You Shall Write Them on Your Doorposts: The Commandment of Mezuzah","ref":"Deuteronomy 6:9","url":"/en/laws/mezuzah-doorposts/"},{"t":"law","title":"You Shall Teach Them Diligently to Your Children: Torah Education","ref":"Deuteronomy 6:7","url":"/en/laws/teach-children-torah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Rise in the Presence of the Aged: The Commandment to Honor the Elderly","ref":"Leviticus 19:32","url":"/en/laws/honor-elderly-vehadarta/"},{"t":"law","title":"Live in Temporary Shelters for Seven Days: Dwell in the Sukkah","ref":"Leviticus 23:42","url":"/en/laws/dwell-in-sukkah-seven-days/"},{"t":"law","title":"Take Branches of Luxuriant Trees and Rejoice: Lulav and Etrog","ref":"Leviticus 23:40","url":"/en/laws/wave-lulav-etrog/"},{"t":"law","title":"A Day of Blowing the Trumpets: Hearing the Shofar on Rosh Hashanah","ref":"Numbers 29:1","url":"/en/laws/shofar-rosh-hashanah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Deny Yourselves: The Fast of Yom Kippur","ref":"Leviticus 23:27","url":"/en/laws/fast-yom-kippur/"},{"t":"law","title":"All Native-Born Israelites: The Universal Scope of the Sukkah","ref":"Leviticus 23:42","url":"/en/laws/sukkah-all-israelites/"},{"t":"law","title":"Assemble the People: The Hakhel Commandment","ref":"Deuteronomy 31:12","url":"/en/laws/hakhel-assembly/"},{"t":"law","title":"He Shall Write for Himself a Copy: The King's Torah Scroll","ref":"Deuteronomy 17:18","url":"/en/laws/king-writes-torah-scroll/"},{"t":"law","title":"King Reads Torah Aloud at Hakhel","ref":"Deuteronomy 31:11","url":"/en/laws/hakhel-king-reads/"},{"t":"law","title":"King Must Not Acquire Too Many Horses","ref":"Deuteronomy 17:16","url":"/en/laws/king-limits-wealth-horses/"},{"t":"law","title":"Build the Temple in Jerusalem","ref":"Exodus 25:8","url":"/en/laws/build-the-temple/"},{"t":"law","title":"Add Wood to Keep the Altar Fire Burning","ref":"Leviticus 6:12","url":"/en/laws/altar-fire-burning/"},{"t":"law","title":"Offer the Daily Tamid Morning and Evening","ref":"Numbers 28:4","url":"/en/laws/tamid-morning-evening/"},{"t":"law","title":"High Priest's Yom Kippur Temple Service","ref":"Leviticus 16:3","url":"/en/laws/kohen-gadol-yom-kippur/"},{"t":"law","title":"Prepare the Sacred Anointing Oil","ref":"Exodus 30:25","url":"/en/laws/temple-anointing-oil/"},{"t":"law","title":"Prepare the Temple Incense (Ketoret)","ref":"Exodus 30:34","url":"/en/laws/prepare-ketoret-incense/"},{"t":"law","title":"Bring Pure Beaten Olive Oil for the Menorah","ref":"Exodus 27:20","url":"/en/laws/olive-oil-for-menorah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Set the Showbread Before God","ref":"Exodus 25:30","url":"/en/laws/showbread-lechem-hapanim/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Additional Musaf Offering on Shabbat","ref":"Numbers 28:9","url":"/en/laws/musaf-shabbat/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Rosh Chodesh Musaf Offering","ref":"Numbers 28:11","url":"/en/laws/musaf-rosh-chodesh/"},{"t":"law","title":"Festival Musaf Offerings for the Three Pilgrimage Feasts","ref":"Numbers 28:16","url":"/en/laws/festival-musaf-offerings/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Musaf Offering on Rosh Hashanah","ref":"Numbers 29:2","url":"/en/laws/musaf-rosh-hashanah/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Musaf Offering on Yom Kippur","ref":"Numbers 29:8","url":"/en/laws/musaf-yom-kippur/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Passover Festival Burnt Offering","ref":"Numbers 28:19","url":"/en/laws/passover-festival-offering/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Shavuot Festival Burnt Offering","ref":"Numbers 28:26","url":"/en/laws/shavuot-festival-offering/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Sukkot Festival Burnt Offerings — 70 Bulls over 7 Days","ref":"Numbers 29:13","url":"/en/laws/sukkot-seventy-bulls/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Chagigah Festival Peace Offering","ref":"Deuteronomy 16:14","url":"/en/laws/chagigah-festival-offering/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Erech Evaluation Vow","ref":"Leviticus 27:2","url":"/en/laws/erech-evaluation-vow/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws of Devoted Property (Cherem)","ref":"Leviticus 27:28","url":"/en/laws/cherem-devoted-property/"},{"t":"law","title":"Redeem a Blemished Temple Animal","ref":"Leviticus 27:11","url":"/en/laws/redeem-blemished-temple-animal/"},{"t":"law","title":"Redeem Minor Sanctified Items","ref":"Leviticus 27:15","url":"/en/laws/redeem-minor-sanctified-items/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws of Bailment and Safekeeping","ref":"Exodus 22:7","url":"/en/laws/laws-of-bailment/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws of Rental and Hiring","ref":"Leviticus 25:50","url":"/en/laws/laws-of-rental-hiring/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws of Loans","ref":"Deuteronomy 24:10","url":"/en/laws/laws-of-loans/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws of Buying and Selling","ref":"Leviticus 25:14","url":"/en/laws/laws-of-buying-selling/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws of Testimony","ref":"Deuteronomy 19:15","url":"/en/laws/laws-of-testimony/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws of Oaths in Court","ref":"Exodus 22:11","url":"/en/laws/laws-of-oaths-court/"},{"t":"law","title":"Punish False Witnesses","ref":"Deuteronomy 19:19","url":"/en/laws/punish-false-witnesses/"},{"t":"law","title":"Laws of Damages (Nezikin)","ref":"Exodus 21:33","url":"/en/laws/laws-of-damages-nezikin/"},{"t":"law","title":"Preserve Your Own Life","ref":"Deuteronomy 4:15","url":"/en/laws/preserve-own-life/"},{"t":"law","title":"Emulate God s Attributes of Compassion","ref":"Deuteronomy 10:12","url":"/en/laws/emulate-gods-attributes/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Sukkah as Your Primary Dwelling","ref":"Leviticus 23:42","url":"/en/laws/sukkah-primary-dwelling/"},{"t":"law","title":"Equal Reward: The Heaviest and Lightest Commandments","ref":"Exodus 20:12","url":"/en/laws/equal-reward-mitzvot/"},{"t":"law","title":"Choose Life","ref":"Deuteronomy 30:19","url":"/en/laws/choose-life/"},{"t":"law","title":"Rejoice with the Bride and Groom","ref":"Deuteronomy 24:5","url":"/en/laws/rejoice-bride-groom/"},{"t":"law","title":"Love God with All Your Heart","ref":"Deuteronomy 6:5","url":"/en/laws/love-god-culminating/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Worship Other Gods","ref":"Exodus 20:3","url":"/en/laws/no-other-gods/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Make an Idol","ref":"Exodus 20:4","url":"/en/laws/no-graven-image/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Bow Down to Idols","ref":"Exodus 20:5","url":"/en/laws/do-not-bow-to-idols/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Serve Idols","ref":"Exodus 20:5","url":"/en/laws/do-not-serve-idols/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Worship Any Other God","ref":"Exodus 34:14","url":"/en/laws/do-not-worship-other-god/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Follow Your Heart and Eyes","ref":"Numbers 15:39","url":"/en/laws/do-not-follow-heart-and-eyes/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Show Favor to Idolaters","ref":"Deuteronomy 7:2","url":"/en/laws/do-not-favor-idolaters/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Mention Other Gods  Names","ref":"Exodus 23:13","url":"/en/laws/do-not-mention-other-gods/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Make Figures of Divine Attendants","ref":"Exodus 20:20","url":"/en/laws/do-not-make-divine-attendants/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Plant an Asherah","ref":"Deuteronomy 16:21","url":"/en/laws/do-not-plant-asherah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Erect a Standing Stone (Matzevah)","ref":"Deuteronomy 16:22","url":"/en/laws/do-not-erect-matzevah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Make Covenant with Idolaters","ref":"Exodus 23:32","url":"/en/laws/do-not-covenant-idolaters/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Let Idolaters Settle in the Land","ref":"Exodus 23:33","url":"/en/laws/do-not-let-idolaters-settle/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Practice Divination","ref":"Deuteronomy 18:10","url":"/en/laws/do-not-divine/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Observe Times (Astrology)","ref":"Deuteronomy 18:10","url":"/en/laws/do-not-observe-times/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Practice Enchantment","ref":"Deuteronomy 18:10","url":"/en/laws/do-not-practice-enchantment/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Practice Sorcery","ref":"Deuteronomy 18:10","url":"/en/laws/do-not-practice-sorcery/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Cast Spells","ref":"Deuteronomy 18:11","url":"/en/laws/do-not-cast-spells/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Consult a Necromancer (Ov)","ref":"Deuteronomy 18:11","url":"/en/laws/do-not-consult-ov/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Consult a Yidoni","ref":"Deuteronomy 18:11","url":"/en/laws/do-not-consult-yidoni/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Seek Messages from the Dead","ref":"Deuteronomy 18:11","url":"/en/laws/do-not-seek-dead/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Take God s Name in Vain","ref":"Exodus 20:7","url":"/en/laws/do-not-take-name-in-vain/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Curse God","ref":"Exodus 22:28","url":"/en/laws/do-not-curse-god/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Curse a Judge or Leader","ref":"Exodus 22:28","url":"/en/laws/do-not-curse-judge/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Perform Prohibited Work on Shabbat","ref":"Exodus 20:10","url":"/en/laws/do-not-work-on-shabbat/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Kindle Fire on Shabbat","ref":"Exodus 35:3","url":"/en/laws/do-not-kindle-fire-shabbat/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Carry Beyond One s Domain on Shabbat","ref":"Exodus 16:29","url":"/en/laws/do-not-carry-on-shabbat/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Work on Yom Kippur","ref":"Leviticus 23:28","url":"/en/laws/do-not-work-on-yom-kippur/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Perform Prohibited Work on Yom Tov","ref":"Leviticus 23:7","url":"/en/laws/do-not-work-on-yom-tov/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Remove the Levites from Their Service","ref":"Numbers 18:3","url":"/en/laws/do-not-remove-levites/"},{"t":"law","title":"No Non-Kohen May Perform the Kohen s Temple Service","ref":"Numbers 18:4","url":"/en/laws/no-non-kohen-kohen-service/"},{"t":"law","title":"No Levite May Perform a Kohen s Service","ref":"Numbers 18:3","url":"/en/laws/no-levite-kohen-service/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Enter the Temple While Intoxicated","ref":"Leviticus 10:9","url":"/en/laws/no-intoxication-in-temple/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Enter the Temple with Unkempt Hair or Torn Garments","ref":"Leviticus 10:6","url":"/en/laws/no-unkempt-kohen-in-temple/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Kohen Gadol May Not Leave the Temple During Service","ref":"Leviticus 21:12","url":"/en/laws/kohen-gadol-not-leave-temple/"},{"t":"law","title":"A Kohen May Not Become Ritually Impure for the Dead","ref":"Leviticus 21:1","url":"/en/laws/kohen-not-defile-for-dead/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Kohen Gadol May Not Defile Himself Even for Close Relatives","ref":"Leviticus 21:11","url":"/en/laws/kohen-gadol-not-defile-for-dead/"},{"t":"law","title":"The Kohen Gadol May Not Marry a Divorced Woman","ref":"Leviticus 21:14","url":"/en/laws/kohen-gadol-not-marry-divorced/"},{"t":"law","title":"A Kohen May Not Profane His Priestly Lineage","ref":"Leviticus 21:15","url":"/en/laws/kohen-not-profane-lineage/"},{"t":"law","title":"A Kohen May Not Marry a Zonah or Chalallah","ref":"Leviticus 21:7","url":"/en/laws/kohen-not-marry-zonah/"},{"t":"law","title":"A Kohen May Not Marry a Divorced Woman","ref":"Leviticus 21:7","url":"/en/laws/kohen-not-marry-divorcee/"},{"t":"law","title":"A Blemished Kohen May Not Perform Temple Service","ref":"Leviticus 21:17","url":"/en/laws/blemished-kohen-not-serve/"},{"t":"law","title":"A Blemished Kohen May Not Approach the Altar","ref":"Leviticus 21:23","url":"/en/laws/blemished-kohen-not-approach-altar/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Offer Incense with Foreign Fire","ref":"Leviticus 10:1","url":"/en/laws/no-foreign-fire-for-incense/"},{"t":"law","title":"A Non-Kohen May Not Burn Incense","ref":"Numbers 16:40","url":"/en/laws/non-kohen-not-burn-incense/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Offer Leaven or Honey on the Altar","ref":"Leviticus 2:11","url":"/en/laws/no-leaven-or-honey-on-altar/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Offer a Sacrifice Without Salt","ref":"Leviticus 2:13","url":"/en/laws/no-offering-without-salt/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Offer a Blemished Animal","ref":"Leviticus 22:20","url":"/en/laws/no-blemished-animal-offered/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Slaughter a Blemished Animal as an Offering","ref":"Deuteronomy 17:1","url":"/en/laws/no-slaughter-of-blemished-offering/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Consecrate a Blemished Animal for the Altar","ref":"Leviticus 22:22","url":"/en/laws/no-consecrate-blemished-animal/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Accept a Blemished Offering from a Gentile","ref":"Leviticus 22:25","url":"/en/laws/no-blemished-offering-from-gentile/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Cause a Blemish on a Consecrated Animal","ref":"Leviticus 22:21","url":"/en/laws/no-cause-blemish-on-consecrated/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Slaughter Consecrated Animals Outside the Temple","ref":"Leviticus 17:3","url":"/en/laws/no-slaughter-sacred-outside-temple/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Eat Forbidden Fats (Chelev)","ref":"Leviticus 7:23","url":"/en/laws/no-chelev-fat/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Eat Blood","ref":"Leviticus 7:26","url":"/en/laws/no-eating-blood/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Eat the Remains of an Offering After Its Time","ref":"Leviticus 19:6","url":"/en/laws/no-notar-offering-remains/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Eat an Invalidated Offering (Pigul)","ref":"Leviticus 7:18","url":"/en/laws/no-pigul-invalid-offering/"},{"t":"law","title":"Ritually Impure Person May Not Eat Sacred Food","ref":"Leviticus 12:4","url":"/en/laws/impure-not-eat-sacred-food/"},{"t":"law","title":"Ritually Impure Person May Not Touch Sacred Food","ref":"Leviticus 12:4","url":"/en/laws/impure-not-touch-sacred-food/"},{"t":"law","title":"Impure Kohen May Not Eat Sacred Portions","ref":"Leviticus 22:4","url":"/en/laws/impure-kohen-not-eat-sacred/"},{"t":"law","title":"Non-Kohen May Not Eat Terumah","ref":"Leviticus 22:10","url":"/en/laws/non-kohen-not-eat-terumah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Hired Servant or Tenant of a Kohen May Not Eat Terumah","ref":"Leviticus 22:10","url":"/en/laws/hired-servant-not-eat-terumah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Uncircumcised Kohen May Not Eat Terumah","ref":"Exodus 12:44","url":"/en/laws/uncircumcised-kohen-not-eat-terumah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Kohen s Daughter Married to a Non-Kohen May Not Eat Terumah","ref":"Leviticus 22:12","url":"/en/laws/kohen-daughter-married-zar-not-eat-terumah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Slaughter the Passover Offering While Chametz Is Present","ref":"Exodus 34:25","url":"/en/laws/no-passover-slaughter-with-chametz/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Leave the Passover Offering Fat Overnight","ref":"Exodus 23:18","url":"/en/laws/no-passover-fat-overnight/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Eat Chametz on Passover","ref":"Exodus 13:3","url":"/en/laws/no-chametz-on-passover/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Have Chametz Visible in Your Possession on Passover","ref":"Exodus 13:7","url":"/en/laws/no-chametz-in-possession-passover/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Have a Leavening Agent in Your Home on Passover","ref":"Exodus 12:19","url":"/en/laws/no-leaven-agent-in-home-passover/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Eat Matzah on the Eve of Passover","ref":"Exodus 12:18","url":"/en/laws/no-matzah-before-passover/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Eat Leavened Bread for Seven Days of Passover","ref":"Deuteronomy 16:3","url":"/en/laws/no-leavened-bread-seven-days-passover/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Eat Chametz Mixtures on Passover","ref":"Exodus 12:20","url":"/en/laws/no-chametz-mixtures-passover/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Eat Chametz in Any Form on Passover","ref":"Exodus 13:3","url":"/en/laws/no-chametz-any-form-passover/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Eat Chametz with the Passover Offering","ref":"Exodus 34:25","url":"/en/laws/no-chametz-with-passover-offering/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Leave the Passover Sacrifice Until Morning","ref":"Exodus 12:10","url":"/en/laws/no-leaving-passover-sacrifice-until-morning/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Take Passover Sacrifice Meat Outside","ref":"Exodus 12:46","url":"/en/laws/no-take-passover-meat-outside/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Break a Bone of the Passover Offering","ref":"Exodus 12:46","url":"/en/laws/no-break-bone-passover-offering/"},{"t":"law","title":"Uncircumcised Man May Not Eat the Passover Offering","ref":"Exodus 12:48","url":"/en/laws/uncircumcised-not-eat-passover-offering/"},{"t":"law","title":"Apostate May Not Eat the Passover Offering","ref":"Exodus 12:43","url":"/en/laws/apostate-not-eat-passover-offering/"},{"t":"law","title":"Hired Non-Israelite Worker May Not Eat the Passover Offering","ref":"Exodus 12:45","url":"/en/laws/hired-worker-not-eat-passover-offering/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Work the Land in the Sabbatical Year","ref":"Leviticus 25:4","url":"/en/laws/no-work-land-sabbatical-year/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Sow in the Sabbatical Year","ref":"Leviticus 25:4","url":"/en/laws/no-sow-sabbatical-year/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Prune Your Vineyard in the Sabbatical Year","ref":"Leviticus 25:4","url":"/en/laws/no-prune-vineyard-sabbatical-year/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Harvest Aftergrowth in the Sabbatical Year","ref":"Leviticus 25:5","url":"/en/laws/no-harvest-aftergrowth-sabbatical-year/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Harvest Sabbatical Year Grapes in the Normal Way","ref":"Leviticus 25:5","url":"/en/laws/no-harvest-grapes-sabbatical-year/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Harden Your Heart Against the Poor","ref":"Deuteronomy 15:7","url":"/en/laws/no-harden-heart-toward-poor/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Close Your Hand to the Poor","ref":"Deuteronomy 15:7","url":"/en/laws/no-close-hand-to-poor/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Begrudge the Hebrew Slave s Release","ref":"Deuteronomy 15:18","url":"/en/laws/no-reduce-hebrew-slave-rights/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Sell Land in Israel Permanently","ref":"Leviticus 25:23","url":"/en/laws/no-sell-land-israel-permanently/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Allow Levitical City Fields to Be Permanently Sold","ref":"Leviticus 25:34","url":"/en/laws/no-alienate-levite-city-fields/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Eat Non-Kosher Animals","ref":"Deuteronomy 14:3","url":"/en/laws/no-eat-non-kosher-animals/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Eat Creeping Creatures (Sheretz)","ref":"Leviticus 11:41","url":"/en/laws/no-eat-sheretz-creeping/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Ransom an Accidental Killer from the City of Refuge","ref":"Numbers 35:32","url":"/en/laws/no-ransom-accidental-killer/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Take Omens (Nachash)","ref":"Leviticus 19:26","url":"/en/laws/no-take-omens-nachash/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Practice Sorcery (Kishuf)","ref":"Exodus 22:18","url":"/en/laws/no-practice-sorcery-kishuf/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Consult the Ov (Ghost)","ref":"Leviticus 19:31","url":"/en/laws/no-consult-ov/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Consult the Yidoni (Familiar Spirit)","ref":"Leviticus 19:31","url":"/en/laws/no-consult-yidoni/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Execute Family Members for a Relative s Crime","ref":"Deuteronomy 24:16","url":"/en/laws/no-execute-family-for-relatives-crime/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Oppress the Debtor","ref":"Exodus 22:25","url":"/en/laws/no-oppress-debtor/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Take a Widow s Garment as Pledge","ref":"Deuteronomy 24:17","url":"/en/laws/no-take-widow-pledge/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Take a Wage-Earner s Tools as Collateral","ref":"Deuteronomy 24:6","url":"/en/laws/no-take-livelihood-as-collateral/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Shame the Poor When Lending","ref":"Exodus 22:25","url":"/en/laws/no-shame-poor-when-lending/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Withhold a Loan Because of the Shemitah Year","ref":"Deuteronomy 15:9","url":"/en/laws/no-avoid-lending-shemitah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Commit Price Fraud (Onaah)","ref":"Leviticus 25:14","url":"/en/laws/no-price-fraud-onaah/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Deny a Financial Obligation","ref":"Leviticus 19:11","url":"/en/laws/no-deny-financial-obligation/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Steal Property","ref":"Leviticus 19:11","url":"/en/laws/no-steal-property/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Deceive","ref":"Leviticus 19:11","url":"/en/laws/no-deceive/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Gaze at Immoral Sights","ref":"Numbers 15:39","url":"/en/laws/no-gaze-immoral-sights/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Entertain Forbidden Thoughts","ref":"Deuteronomy 23:10","url":"/en/laws/no-forbidden-thoughts/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Hate Your Brother in Your Heart","ref":"Leviticus 19:17","url":"/en/laws/no-hate-brother-in-heart/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Take Revenge","ref":"Leviticus 19:18","url":"/en/laws/no-take-revenge/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Harbor a Grudge","ref":"Leviticus 19:18","url":"/en/laws/no-harbor-grudge/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Steal","ref":"Exodus 20:13","url":"/en/laws/do-not-steal/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Covet","ref":"Exodus 20:14","url":"/en/laws/do-not-covet/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Bear False Witness","ref":"Exodus 20:13","url":"/en/laws/do-not-bear-false-witness/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Murder","ref":"Exodus 20:13","url":"/en/laws/do-not-murder/"},{"t":"law","title":"Do Not Commit Adultery","ref":"Exodus 20:13","url":"/en/laws/do-not-commit-adultery/"},{"t":"enc","title":"Abel","he":"הֶבֶל","type":"person","url":"/tree/hevel/","desc":"Second son of Adam; offered a pleasing sacrifice and was slain by Cain — the first murder in Scripture"},{"t":"enc","title":"Abraham","he":"אַבְרָהָם","type":"person","url":"/tree/avraham/","desc":"Covenant patriarch called from Ur of the Chaldees; father of Isaac and Ishmael; first given the mark of circumcision"},{"t":"enc","title":"Adam","he":"אָדָם","type":"person","url":"/tree/adam/","desc":"First man; formed from the dust and given the breath of life; placed in the Garden of Eden to tend and keep it"},{"t":"enc","title":"Amorite","he":"אֱמֹרִי","type":"person","url":"/tree/emori/","desc":"Son of Canaan; ancestor of the dominant highland warriors whose iniquity God waited 400 years to ripen before giving their land to Israel"},{"t":"enc","title":"Aram","he":"אֲרָם","type":"person","url":"/tree/aram/","desc":"Son of Shem; father of the Arameans whose language became the lingua franca of the ancient Near East"},{"t":"enc","title":"Ashkenaz","he":"אַשְׁכְּנַז","type":"person","url":"/tree/ashkenaz/","desc":"Son of Gomer; ancestor of the Scythians and later the Germanic peoples; his name became the term for northern European Jewish communities"},{"t":"enc","title":"Asshur","he":"אַשּׁוּר","type":"person","url":"/tree/asshur/","desc":"Son of Shem; founder of Nineveh and Calah; ancestor of the Assyrian empire that conquered the northern kingdom of Israel"},{"t":"enc","title":"Ben-Ammi","he":"בֶּן עַמִּי","type":"person","url":"/tree/ben-ammi/","desc":"Son of Lot by his younger daughter; ancestor of the Ammonites; his descendants' capital Rabbah became modern-day Amman, Jordan"},{"t":"enc","title":"Bethuel","he":"בְּתוּאֵל","type":"person","url":"/tree/bethuel/","desc":"Son of Nahor; father of Rebekah and Laban; acknowledged the hand of God when Rebekah was betrothed to Isaac"},{"t":"enc","title":"Bilhah","he":"בִּלְהָה","type":"person","url":"/tree/bilhah/","desc":"Maidservant of Rachel; mother of Dan and Naphtali — two of the twelve tribes of Israel"},{"t":"enc","title":"Cain","he":"קַיִן","type":"person","url":"/tree/kayin/","desc":"Firstborn son of Adam; farmer; killed Abel after his offering was rejected; wandered east of Eden bearing God's protective mark"},{"t":"enc","title":"Canaan","he":"כְּנַעַן","type":"person","url":"/tree/canaan/","desc":"Son of Ham; ancestor of the seven nations of the Promised Land; his territory's borders are precisely drawn in Genesis 10:19"},{"t":"enc","title":"Cush","he":"כּוּשׁ","type":"person","url":"/tree/cush/","desc":"Firstborn son of Ham; ancestor of the peoples of East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, including Nimrod the first empire-builder"},{"t":"enc","title":"Dinah","he":"דִּינָה","type":"person","url":"/tree/dinah/","desc":"Daughter of Jacob and Leah; the only named daughter of the twelve-tribe family; her assault at Shechem determined the fates of Simeon and Levi"},{"t":"enc","title":"Elam","he":"עֵילָם","type":"person","url":"/tree/elam/","desc":"Firstborn son of Shem; ancestor of the Elamites whose capital Susa is the setting of the Book of Esther"},{"t":"enc","title":"Esau","he":"עֵשָׂו","type":"person","url":"/tree/esav/","desc":"Elder twin son of Isaac and Rebekah; sold his birthright for red lentil soup; ancestor of the Edomites east of the Dead Sea"},{"t":"enc","title":"Eve","he":"חַוָּה","type":"person","url":"/tree/chava/","desc":"First woman; named 'the mother of all living' by Adam after the covenant of consequence in the Garden"},{"t":"enc","title":"Gomer","he":"גֹּמֶר","type":"person","url":"/tree/gomer/","desc":"Firstborn son of Japheth; ancestor of the Cimmerians; his descendants spread through the Caucasus into what became Germany and Eastern Europe"},{"t":"enc","title":"Hagar","he":"הָגָר","type":"person","url":"/tree/hagar/","desc":"Egyptian maidservant of Sarai; mother of Ishmael; fled into the desert and received a divine promise; named God El Roi — the One Who Sees"},{"t":"enc","title":"Ham","he":"חָם","type":"person","url":"/tree/cham/","desc":"Second son of Noah; ancestor of the African and Near-Eastern peoples: Cush, Mizraim, Put, and Canaan"},{"t":"enc","title":"Heth","he":"חֵת","type":"person","url":"/tree/chet/","desc":"Son of Canaan; ancestor of the Hittites; Abraham purchased the cave of Machpelah from the sons of Heth to bury Sarah"},{"t":"enc","title":"Isaac","he":"יִצְחָק","type":"person","url":"/tree/yitschak/","desc":"The covenant son of Abraham and Sarah; bound on Moriah; the promised line passes exclusively through him"},{"t":"enc","title":"Ishmael","he":"יִשְׁמָעֵאל","type":"person","url":"/tree/yishmael/","desc":"Son of Abraham and Hagar; given a separate covenant and twelve princes; ancestor of the Arab peoples"},{"t":"enc","title":"Japheth","he":"יֶפֶת","type":"person","url":"/tree/yefet/","desc":"Third son of Noah; ancestor of the peoples of Europe and Central Asia — the Greeks, Scythians, Medes, and peoples of Anatolia"},{"t":"enc","title":"Javan","he":"יָוָן","type":"person","url":"/tree/yavan/","desc":"Son of Japheth; ancestor of the Greeks (Ionians); his name is the Hebrew word for Greece throughout the prophets"},{"t":"enc","title":"Jebusite","he":"יְבוּסִי","type":"person","url":"/tree/yevusi/","desc":"Son of Canaan; ancestor of the pre-Israelite inhabitants of Jerusalem; David captured their stronghold Jebus and made it his capital"},{"t":"enc","title":"Joktan","he":"יָקְטָן","type":"person","url":"/tree/yoktan/","desc":"Son of Eber; father of thirteen sons who became the Arabian peoples; the eastern branch of Eber's genealogy"},{"t":"enc","title":"Kittim","he":"כִּתִּים","type":"person","url":"/tree/kittim/","desc":"Son of Javan; associated with the Mediterranean island peoples including Cyprus and Rome; his name appears in Daniel's vision of the end"},{"t":"enc","title":"Laban","he":"לָבָן","type":"person","url":"/tree/lavan/","desc":"Son of Bethuel; brother of Rebekah; Jacob served him fourteen years for his daughters and six more for the flocks"},{"t":"enc","title":"Leah","he":"לֵאָה","type":"person","url":"/tree/leah/","desc":"Elder daughter of Laban; first wife of Jacob; the unloved wife through whom the covenant line of David flows"},{"t":"enc","title":"Lot","he":"לוֹט","type":"person","url":"/tree/lot/","desc":"Son of Haran; nephew of Abraham; rescued from Sodom; ancestor of Moab and Ben-Ammi through his daughters after the destruction"},{"t":"enc","title":"Madai","he":"מָדַי","type":"person","url":"/tree/madai/","desc":"Son of Japheth; ancestor of the Medes; the Medo-Persian empire that fell Babylon is identified with his line throughout the prophets"},{"t":"enc","title":"Magog","he":"מָגוֹג","type":"person","url":"/tree/magog/","desc":"Son of Japheth; identified with the Scythians and in prophecy with the northern confederacy of Gog against Israel at the end of days"},{"t":"enc","title":"Mizraim","he":"מִצְרַיִם","type":"person","url":"/tree/mizraim/","desc":"Son of Ham; ancestor of Egypt — Mitzraim is the Hebrew word for Egypt; his descendants include the Philistines and the peoples of North Africa"},{"t":"enc","title":"Moab","he":"מוֹאָב","type":"person","url":"/tree/moav/","desc":"Son of Lot; ancestor of the Moabites east of the Dead Sea; Ruth the great-grandmother of David comes from this people"},{"t":"enc","title":"Nimrod","he":"נִמְרוֹד","type":"person","url":"/tree/nimrod/","desc":"Son of Cush; the first gibbor (mighty man) on earth; builder of Nineveh, Babel, and Calah — the first recorded empire in Scripture"},{"t":"enc","title":"Noah","he":"נֹחַ","type":"person","url":"/tree/noach/","desc":"Tenth from Adam; righteous in his generation; built the ark; survived the Flood; received the covenant of the rainbow"},{"t":"enc","title":"Ophir","he":"אוֹפִיר","type":"person","url":"/tree/ophir/","desc":"Son of Joktan; eponym of the legendary gold-rich land Ophir — destination of Solomon's trading fleet every three years"},{"t":"enc","title":"Philistines","he":"פְּלִשְׁתִּים","type":"person","url":"/tree/philistines/","desc":"Sons of Mizraim; the people of the five southern coast cities — Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath, Ekron — Israel's most persistent adversaries"},{"t":"enc","title":"Put","he":"פּוּט","type":"person","url":"/tree/put/","desc":"Third son of Ham; ancestor of the Libyan peoples west of Egypt; associated with North Africa throughout the prophets"},{"t":"enc","title":"Raamah","he":"רַעְמָה","type":"person","url":"/tree/raamah/","desc":"Son of Cush; father of Sheba and Dedan; ancestor of the southern Arabian trading peoples who carried spices to Tyre"},{"t":"enc","title":"Rachel","he":"רָחֵל","type":"person","url":"/tree/rachel/","desc":"Younger daughter of Laban; beloved wife of Jacob; mother of Joseph and Benjamin; died in childbirth on the way to Bethlehem"},{"t":"enc","title":"Rebekah","he":"רִבְקָה","type":"person","url":"/tree/rivkah/","desc":"Daughter of Bethuel; wife of Isaac; mother of Esau and Jacob; received the prophecy: 'Two nations are in your womb'"},{"t":"enc","title":"Seth","he":"שֵׁת","type":"person","url":"/tree/shet/","desc":"Third son of Adam; appointed in place of Abel; father of Enosh; the antediluvian righteous line runs through Seth to Noah"},{"t":"enc","title":"Sheba","he":"שְׁבָא","type":"person","url":"/tree/sheba/","desc":"Son of Joktan (Shem line) and son of Raamah (Cush line); eponym of the Kingdom of Sheba — the Queen of Sheba came to test Solomon"},{"t":"enc","title":"Shem","he":"שֵׁם","type":"person","url":"/tree/shem/","desc":"Eldest son of Noah; father of Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram; his line produces Abraham, Israel, and the Hebrew people"},{"t":"enc","title":"Sidon","he":"צִידֹן","type":"person","url":"/tree/sidon/","desc":"Firstborn son of Canaan; eponym of the great Phoenician city; the Sidonians became the master seafarers and craftsmen of the ancient Mediterranean"},{"t":"enc","title":"Tarshish","he":"תַּרְשִׁישׁ","type":"person","url":"/tree/tarshish/","desc":"Son of Javan; eponym of the distant western seaport; Jonah fled toward Tarshish; Solomon's fleet sailed there every three years"},{"t":"enc","title":"Togarmah","he":"תּוֹגַרְמָה","type":"person","url":"/tree/togarmah/","desc":"Son of Gomer; ancestor of the Armenians and Turkic peoples; named in Ezekiel's prophecy of Gog as a distant northern nation"},{"t":"enc","title":"Zilpah","he":"זִלְפָּה","type":"person","url":"/tree/zilpah/","desc":"Maidservant of Leah; mother of Gad and Asher — two of the twelve tribes of Israel"},{"t":"enc","title":"Aleph-Bet","he":"אָלֶף בֵּית","type":"term","url":"/interactives/wiki/","desc":"The 22-letter Hebrew alphabet; each letter carries a name, a numerical value (gematria), and a pictographic meaning rooted in ancient Semitic script"},{"t":"enc","title":"El Roi","he":"אֵל רֳאִי","type":"term","url":"/tree/hagar/","desc":"'The God who sees me' — the name Hagar gave to God after He found her in the wilderness; the only time a human names God in Scripture"},{"t":"enc","title":"Gibbor","he":"גִּבּוֹר","type":"term","url":"/tree/nimrod/","desc":"Mighty man, warrior, hero; the first person called gibbor is Nimrod; later applied to David's thirty warriors and to God himself as Gibbor Milchamah"},{"t":"enc","title":"Ketuvim","he":"כְּתוּבִים","type":"term","url":"/en/","desc":"The Writings — third section of the Hebrew Bible; Psalms, Proverbs, Job, the Five Scrolls, Daniel, Ezra-Nehemiah, and Chronicles"},{"t":"enc","title":"Nevi'im","he":"נְבִיאִים","type":"term","url":"/en/","desc":"The Prophets — second section of the Hebrew Bible; Joshua through Kings (Former) and Isaiah through Malachi (Latter Prophets)"},{"t":"enc","title":"Nephilim","he":"נְפִילִים","type":"term","url":"/tree/noach/","desc":"Fallen ones or giants; mentioned in Genesis 6 (before the Flood) and in Numbers 13 (in Canaan); their exact nature has been debated since antiquity"},{"t":"enc","title":"Torah","he":"תּוֹרָה","type":"term","url":"/en/torah/","desc":"The Five Books of Moses — Genesis through Deuteronomy; the foundation of all subsequent Scripture; read in the synagogue in a complete year-long cycle"},{"t":"enc","title":"Beer-sheba","he":"בְּאֵר שָׁבַע","type":"place","url":"/tree/avraham/","desc":"Southernmost city of Canaan; the traditional southern boundary of the land; site of Abraham's and Isaac's covenant wells with the Philistines"},{"t":"enc","title":"Egypt","he":"מִצְרַיִם","type":"place","url":"/tree/mizraim/","desc":"The nation that enslaved Israel 400 years; named for Mizraim son of Ham; the Exodus from Egypt is the defining event of Israel's national identity"},{"t":"enc","title":"Garden of Eden","he":"גַּן עֵדֶן","type":"place","url":"/tree/adam/","desc":"The place God planted for Adam and Eve; watered by four rivers; east of the garden stood the cherubim with the flaming sword after the expulsion"},{"t":"enc","title":"Hebron / Machpelah","he":"חֶבְרוֹן","type":"place","url":"/tree/avraham/","desc":"The city in Canaan where Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Rebekah, Jacob, and Leah are buried; the first land the Hebrews owned in Canaan"},{"t":"enc","title":"Nineveh","he":"נִינְוֵה","type":"place","url":"/tree/asshur/","desc":"Capital of the Assyrian empire; founded by Asshur; Jonah was sent there to warn it; it repented under Jonah but was later destroyed as Nahum prophesied"},{"t":"enc","title":"Family Tree — Table of Nations","he":"עֵץ הַמִּשְׁפָּחָה","type":"series","url":"/tree/","desc":"Interactive genealogical map of Noah's 70 descendants — every nation of Genesis 10 with illustrated profiles and family connections"},{"t":"enc","title":"Scripture Breakdowns","he":"פֵּרוּשׁ הַמִּקְרָא","type":"series","url":"/breakdowns/","desc":"Over 200 illustrated scene-by-scene breakdowns from Genesis through the Gospels — the largest and most detailed section of Hebroni"},{"t":"enc","title":"Twelve Tribes of Israel","he":"שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר שְׁבָטִים","type":"series","url":"/tree/twelve-tribes/","desc":"The twelve sons of Jacob who became the nation of Israel — complete tribal profiles with territories, symbols, blessings, and histories"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":1,"desc":"Now after the death of Moses the servant of the LORD it came to pass, that the L","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":2,"desc":"And Joshua the son of Nun sent out of Shittim two men to spy secretly, saying, G","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":3,"desc":"And Joshua rose early in the morning; and they removed from Shittim, and came to","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":4,"desc":"And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over Jordan, that the","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/4/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":5,"desc":"And it came to pass, when all the kings of the Amorites, which {were} on the sid","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/5/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":6,"desc":"Now Jericho was straitly shut up because of the children of Israel: none went ou","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/6/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":7,"desc":"But the children of Israel committed a trespass in the accursed thing: for Achan","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/7/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":8,"desc":"And the LORD said unto Joshua, Fear not, neither be thou dismayed: take all the ","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/8/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":9,"desc":"And it came to pass, when all the kings which {were} on this side Jordan, in the","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/9/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":10,"desc":"Now it came to pass, when Adonizedek king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua had ","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/10/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":11,"desc":"And it came to pass, when Jabin king of Hazor had heard {those things}, that he ","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/11/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":12,"desc":"Now these {are} the kings of the land, which the children of Israel smote, and p","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/12/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":13,"desc":"Now Joshua was old {and} stricken in years; and the LORD said unto him, Thou art","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/13/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":14,"desc":"And these {are the countries} which the children of Israel inherited in the land","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/14/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":15,"desc":"{This} then was the lot of the tribe of the children of Judah by their families;","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/15/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":16,"desc":"And the lot of the children of Joseph fell from Jordan by Jericho, unto the wate","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/16/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":17,"desc":"There was also a lot for the tribe of Manasseh; for he {was} the firstborn of Jo","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/17/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":18,"desc":"And the whole congregation of the children of Israel assembled together at Shilo","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/18/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":19,"desc":"And the second lot came forth to Simeon, {even} for the tribe of the children of","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/19/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":20,"desc":"The LORD also spake unto Joshua, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/20/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":21,"desc":"Then came near the heads of the fathers of the Levites unto Eleazar the priest, ","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/21/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":22,"desc":"Then Joshua called the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manass","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/22/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":23,"desc":"And it came to pass a long time after that the LORD had given rest unto Israel f","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/23/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joshua","ch":24,"desc":"And Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel to Shechem, and called for the elde","url":"/nevi-im/joshua/24/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":1,"desc":"Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass, that the children of Israel asked","url":"/nevi-im/judges/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":2,"desc":"And an angel of the LORD came up from Gilgal to Bochim, and said, I made you to ","url":"/nevi-im/judges/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":3,"desc":"Now these {are} the nations which the LORD left, to prove Israel by them, {even}","url":"/nevi-im/judges/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":4,"desc":"And the children of Israel again did evil in the sight of the LORD, when Ehud wa","url":"/nevi-im/judges/4/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":5,"desc":"Then sang Deborah and Barak the son of Abinoam on that day, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/judges/5/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":6,"desc":"And the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the LORD: and the LORD deliv","url":"/nevi-im/judges/6/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":7,"desc":"Then Jerubbaal, who {is} Gideon, and all the people that {were} with him, rose u","url":"/nevi-im/judges/7/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":8,"desc":"And the men of Ephraim said unto him, Why hast thou served us thus, that thou ca","url":"/nevi-im/judges/8/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":9,"desc":"And Abimelech the son of Jerubbaal went to Shechem unto his mother's brethren, a","url":"/nevi-im/judges/9/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":10,"desc":"And after Abimelech there arose to defend Israel Tola the son of Puah, the son o","url":"/nevi-im/judges/10/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":11,"desc":"Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valour, and he {was} the son of a","url":"/nevi-im/judges/11/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":12,"desc":"And the men of Ephraim gathered themselves together, and went northward, and sai","url":"/nevi-im/judges/12/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":13,"desc":"And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD","url":"/nevi-im/judges/13/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":14,"desc":"And Samson went down to Timnath, and saw a woman in Timnath of the daughters of ","url":"/nevi-im/judges/14/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":15,"desc":"But it came to pass within a while after, in the time of wheat harvest, that Sam","url":"/nevi-im/judges/15/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":16,"desc":"Then went Samson to Gaza, and saw there an harlot, and went in unto her. {harlot","url":"/nevi-im/judges/16/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":17,"desc":"And there was a man of mount Ephraim, whose name {was} Micah.","url":"/nevi-im/judges/17/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":18,"desc":"In those days {there was} no king in Israel: and in those days the tribe of the ","url":"/nevi-im/judges/18/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":19,"desc":"And it came to pass in those days, when {there was} no king in Israel, that ther","url":"/nevi-im/judges/19/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":20,"desc":"Then all the children of Israel went out, and the congregation was gathered toge","url":"/nevi-im/judges/20/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Judges","ch":21,"desc":"Now the men of Israel had sworn in Mizpeh, saying, There shall not any of us giv","url":"/nevi-im/judges/21/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":1,"desc":"Now there was a certain man of Ramathaimzophim, of mount Ephraim, and his name {","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":2,"desc":"And Hannah prayed, and said, My heart rejoiceth in the LORD, mine horn is exalte","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":3,"desc":"And the child Samuel ministered unto the LORD before Eli. And the word of the LO","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":4,"desc":"And the word of Samuel came to all Israel. Now Israel went out against the Phili","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/4/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":5,"desc":"And the Philistines took the ark of God, and brought it from Ebenezer unto Ashdo","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/5/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":6,"desc":"And the ark of the LORD was in the country of the Philistines seven months.","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/6/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":7,"desc":"And the men of Kirjathjearim came, and fetched up the ark of the LORD, and broug","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/7/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":8,"desc":"And it came to pass, when Samuel was old, that he made his sons judges over Isra","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/8/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":9,"desc":"Now there was a man of Benjamin, whose name {was} Kish, the son of Abiel, the so","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/9/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":10,"desc":"Then Samuel took a vial of oil, and poured {it} upon his head, and kissed him, a","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/10/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":11,"desc":"Then Nahash the Ammonite came up, and encamped against Jabeshgilead: and all the","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/11/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":12,"desc":"And Samuel said unto all Israel, Behold, I have hearkened unto your voice in all","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/12/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":13,"desc":"Saul reigned one year; and when he had reigned two years over Israel, {reigned o","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/13/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":14,"desc":"Now it came to pass upon a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the youn","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/14/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":15,"desc":"Samuel also said unto Saul, The LORD sent me to anoint thee {to be} king over hi","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/15/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":16,"desc":"And the LORD said unto Samuel, How long wilt thou mourn for Saul, seeing I have ","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/16/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":17,"desc":"Now the Philistines gathered together their armies to battle, and were gathered ","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/17/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":18,"desc":"And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the sou","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/18/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":19,"desc":"And Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should ki","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/19/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":20,"desc":"And David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, What hav","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/20/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":21,"desc":"Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech the priest: and Ahimelech was afraid at the ","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/21/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":22,"desc":"David therefore departed thence, and escaped to the cave Adullam: and when his b","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/22/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":23,"desc":"Then they told David, saying, Behold, the Philistines fight against Keilah, and ","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/23/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":24,"desc":"And it came to pass, when Saul was returned from following the Philistines, that","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/24/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":25,"desc":"And Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered together, and lamented him","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/25/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":26,"desc":"And the Ziphites came unto Saul to Gibeah, saying, Doth not David hide himself i","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/26/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":27,"desc":"And David said in his heart, I shall now perish one day by the hand of Saul: {th","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/27/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":28,"desc":"And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered their armies to","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/28/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":29,"desc":"Now the Philistines gathered together all their armies to Aphek: and the Israeli","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/29/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":30,"desc":"And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag on the third day","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/30/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Samuel","ch":31,"desc":"Now the Philistines fought against Israel: and the men of Israel fled from befor","url":"/nevi-im/1-samuel/31/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":1,"desc":"Now it came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was returned from the sl","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":2,"desc":"And it came to pass after this, that David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":3,"desc":"Now there was long war between the house of Saul and the house of David: but Dav","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":4,"desc":"And when Saul's son heard that Abner was dead in Hebron, his hands were feeble, ","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/4/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":5,"desc":"Then came all the tribes of Israel to David unto Hebron, and spake, saying, Beho","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/5/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":6,"desc":"Again, David gathered together all {the} chosen {men} of Israel, thirty thousand","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/6/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":7,"desc":"And it came to pass, when the king sat in his house, and the LORD had given him ","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/7/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":8,"desc":"And after this it came to pass, that David smote the Philistines, and subdued th","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/8/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":9,"desc":"And David said, Is there yet any that is left of the house of Saul, that I may s","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/9/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":10,"desc":"And it came to pass after this, that the king of the children of Ammon died, and","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/10/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":11,"desc":"And it came to pass, after the year was expired, at the time when kings go forth","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/11/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":12,"desc":"And the LORD sent Nathan unto David. And he came unto him, and said unto him, Th","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/12/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":13,"desc":"And it came to pass after this, that Absalom the son of David had a fair sister,","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/13/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":14,"desc":"Now Joab the son of Zeruiah perceived that the king's heart {was} toward Absalom","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/14/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":15,"desc":"And it came to pass after this, that Absalom prepared him chariots and horses, a","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/15/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":16,"desc":"And when David was a little past the top {of the hill}, behold, Ziba the servant","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/16/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":17,"desc":"Moreover Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Let me now choose out twelve thousand men","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/17/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":18,"desc":"And David numbered the people that {were} with him, and set captains of thousand","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/18/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":19,"desc":"And it was told Joab, Behold, the king weepeth and mourneth for Absalom.","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/19/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":20,"desc":"And there happened to be there a man of Belial, whose name {was} Sheba, the son ","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/20/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":21,"desc":"Then there was a famine in the days of David three years, year after year; and D","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/21/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":22,"desc":"And David spake unto the LORD the words of this song in the day {that} the LORD ","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/22/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":23,"desc":"Now these {be} the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/23/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Samuel","ch":24,"desc":"And again the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and he moved David a","url":"/nevi-im/2-samuel/24/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":1,"desc":"Now king David was old {and} stricken in years; and they covered him with clothe","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":2,"desc":"Now the days of David drew nigh that he should die; and he charged Solomon his s","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":3,"desc":"And Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh's daughte","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":4,"desc":"So king Solomon was king over all Israel.","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/4/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":5,"desc":"And Hiram king of Tyre sent his servants unto Solomon; for he had heard that the","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/5/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":6,"desc":"And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/6/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":7,"desc":"But Solomon was building his own house thirteen years, and he finished all his h","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/7/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":8,"desc":"Then Solomon assembled the elders of Israel, and all the heads of the tribes, th","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/8/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":9,"desc":"And it came to pass, when Solomon had finished the building of the house of the ","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/9/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":10,"desc":"And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of ","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/10/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":11,"desc":"But king Solomon loved many strange women, together with the daughter of Pharaoh","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/11/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":12,"desc":"And Rehoboam went to Shechem: for all Israel were come to Shechem to make him ki","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/12/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":13,"desc":"And, behold, there came a man of God out of Judah by the word of the LORD unto B","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/13/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":14,"desc":"At that time Abijah the son of Jeroboam fell sick.","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/14/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":15,"desc":"Now in the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam the son of Nebat reigned Abijam over","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/15/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":16,"desc":"Then the word of the LORD came to Jehu the son of Hanani against Baasha, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/16/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":17,"desc":"And Elijah the Tishbite, {who was} of the inhabitants of Gilead, said unto Ahab,","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/17/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":18,"desc":"And it came to pass {after} many days, that the word of the LORD came to Elijah ","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/18/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":19,"desc":"And Ahab told Jezebel all that Elijah had done, and withal how he had slain all ","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/19/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":20,"desc":"And Benhadad the king of Syria gathered all his host together: and {there were} ","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/20/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":21,"desc":"And it came to pass after these things, {that} Naboth the Jezreelite had a viney","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/21/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"1 Kings","ch":22,"desc":"And they continued three years without war between Syria and Israel.","url":"/nevi-im/1-kings/22/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":1,"desc":"Then Moab rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab.","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":2,"desc":"And it came to pass, when the LORD would take up Elijah into heaven by a whirlwi","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":3,"desc":"Now Jehoram the son of Ahab began to reign over Israel in Samaria the eighteenth","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":4,"desc":"Now there cried a certain woman of the wives of the sons of the prophets unto El","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/4/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":5,"desc":"Now Naaman, captain of the host of the king of Syria, was a great man with his m","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/5/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":6,"desc":"And the sons of the prophets said unto Elisha, Behold now, the place where we dw","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/6/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":7,"desc":"Then Elisha said, Hear ye the word of the LORD; Thus saith the LORD, To morrow a","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/7/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":8,"desc":"Then spake Elisha unto the woman, whose son he had restored to life, saying, Ari","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/8/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":9,"desc":"And Elisha the prophet called one of the children of the prophets, and said unto","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/9/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":10,"desc":"And Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria. And Jehu wrote letters, and sent to Samari","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/10/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":11,"desc":"And when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she arose and","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/11/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":12,"desc":"In the seventh year of Jehu Jehoash began to reign; and forty years reigned he i","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/12/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":13,"desc":"In the three and twentieth year of Joash the son of Ahaziah king of Judah Jehoah","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/13/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":14,"desc":"In the second year of Joash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel reigned Amaziah the s","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/14/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":15,"desc":"In the twenty and seventh year of Jeroboam king of Israel began Azariah son of A","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/15/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":16,"desc":"In the seventeenth year of Pekah the son of Remaliah Ahaz the son of Jotham king","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/16/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":17,"desc":"In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah began Hoshea the son of Elah to reign ","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/17/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":18,"desc":"Now it came to pass in the third year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, {tha","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/18/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":19,"desc":"And it came to pass, when king Hezekiah heard {it}, that he rent his clothes, an","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/19/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":20,"desc":"In those days was Hezekiah sick unto death. And the prophet Isaiah the son of Am","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/20/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":21,"desc":"Manasseh {was} twelve years old when he began to reign, and reigned fifty and fi","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/21/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":22,"desc":"Josiah {was} eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned thirty and o","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/22/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":23,"desc":"And the king sent, and they gathered unto him all the elders of Judah and of Jer","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/23/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":24,"desc":"In his days Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, and Jehoiakim became his ser","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/24/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"2 Kings","ch":25,"desc":"And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the t","url":"/nevi-im/2-kings/25/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":1,"desc":"The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusale","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":2,"desc":"The word that Isaiah the son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem.","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":3,"desc":"For, behold, the Lord, the LORD of hosts, doth take away from Jerusalem and from","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":4,"desc":"And in that day seven women shall take hold of one man, saying, We will eat our ","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/4/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":5,"desc":"Now will I sing to my wellbeloved a song of my beloved touching his vineyard. My","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/5/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":6,"desc":"In the year that king Uzziah died I saw also the Lord sitting upon a throne, hig","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/6/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":7,"desc":"And it came to pass in the days of Ahaz the son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, ki","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/7/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":8,"desc":"Moreover the LORD said unto me, Take thee a great roll, and write in it with a m","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/8/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":9,"desc":"Nevertheless the dimness {shall} not {be} such as {was} in her vexation, when at","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/9/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":10,"desc":"Woe unto them that decree unrighteous decrees, and that write grievousness {whic","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/10/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":11,"desc":"And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and a Branch shall gr","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/11/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":12,"desc":"And in that day thou shalt say, O LORD, I will praise thee: though thou wast ang","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/12/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":13,"desc":"The burden of Babylon, which Isaiah the son of Amoz did see.","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/13/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":14,"desc":"For the LORD will have mercy on Jacob, and will yet choose Israel, and set them ","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/14/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":15,"desc":"The burden of Moab. Because in the night Ar of Moab is laid waste, {and} brought","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/15/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":16,"desc":"Send ye the lamb to the ruler of the land from Sela to the wilderness, unto the ","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/16/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":17,"desc":"The burden of Damascus. Behold, Damascus is taken away from {being} a city, and ","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/17/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":18,"desc":"Woe to the land shadowing with wings, which {is} beyond the rivers of Ethiopia:","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/18/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":19,"desc":"The burden of Egypt. Behold, the LORD rideth upon a swift cloud, and shall come ","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/19/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":20,"desc":"In the year that Tartan came unto Ashdod, (when Sargon the king of Assyria sent ","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/20/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":21,"desc":"The burden of the desert of the sea. As whirlwinds in the south pass through; {s","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/21/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":22,"desc":"The burden of the valley of vision. What aileth thee now, that thou art wholly g","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/22/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":23,"desc":"The burden of Tyre. Howl, ye ships of Tarshish; for it is laid waste, so that th","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/23/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":24,"desc":"Behold, the LORD maketh the earth empty, and maketh it waste, and turneth it ups","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/24/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":25,"desc":"O LORD, thou {art} my God; I will exalt thee, I will praise thy name; for thou h","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/25/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":26,"desc":"In that day shall this song be sung in the land of Judah; We have a strong city;","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/26/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":27,"desc":"In that day the LORD with his sore and great and strong sword shall punish levia","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/27/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":28,"desc":"Woe to the crown of pride, to the drunkards of Ephraim, whose glorious beauty {i","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/28/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":29,"desc":"Woe to Ariel, to Ariel, the city {where} David dwelt! add ye year to year; let t","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/29/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":30,"desc":"Woe to the rebellious children, saith the LORD, that take counsel, but not of me","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/30/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":31,"desc":"Woe to them that go down to Egypt for help; and stay on horses, and trust in cha","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/31/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":32,"desc":"Behold, a king shall reign in righteousness, and princes shall rule in judgment.","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/32/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":33,"desc":"Woe to thee that spoilest, and thou {wast} not spoiled; and dealest treacherousl","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/33/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":34,"desc":"Come near, ye nations, to hear; and hearken, ye people: let the earth hear, and ","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/34/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":35,"desc":"The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for them; and the desert sha","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/35/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":36,"desc":"Now it came to pass in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah, {that} Sennacherib ","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/36/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":37,"desc":"And it came to pass, when king Hezekiah heard {it}, that he rent his clothes, an","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/37/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":38,"desc":"In those days was Hezekiah sick unto death. And Isaiah the prophet the son of Am","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/38/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":39,"desc":"At that time Merodachbaladan, the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters ","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/39/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":40,"desc":"Comfort ye, comfort ye my people, saith your God.","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/40/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":41,"desc":"Keep silence before me, O islands; and let the people renew {their} strength: le","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/41/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":42,"desc":"Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, {in whom} my soul delighteth; I ha","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/42/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":43,"desc":"But now thus saith the LORD that created thee, O Jacob, and he that formed thee,","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/43/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":44,"desc":"Yet now hear, O Jacob my servant; and Israel, whom I have chosen:","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/44/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":45,"desc":"Thus saith the LORD to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, t","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/45/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":46,"desc":"Bel boweth down, Nebo stoopeth, their idols were upon the beasts, and upon the c","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/46/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":47,"desc":"Come down, and sit in the dust, O virgin daughter of Babylon, sit on the ground:","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/47/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":48,"desc":"Hear ye this, O house of Jacob, which are called by the name of Israel, and are ","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/48/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":49,"desc":"Listen, O isles, unto me; and hearken, ye people, from far; The LORD hath called","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/49/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":50,"desc":"Thus saith the LORD, Where {is} the bill of your mother's divorcement, whom I ha","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/50/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":51,"desc":"Hearken to me, ye that follow after righteousness, ye that seek the LORD: look u","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/51/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":52,"desc":"Awake, awake; put on thy strength, O Zion; put on thy beautiful garments, O Jeru","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/52/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":53,"desc":"Who hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed? {repo","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/53/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":54,"desc":"Sing, O barren, thou {that} didst not bear; break forth into singing, and cry al","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/54/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":55,"desc":"Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters, and he that hath no money; ","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/55/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":56,"desc":"Thus saith the LORD, Keep ye judgment, and do justice: for my salvation {is} nea","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/56/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":57,"desc":"The righteous perisheth, and no man layeth {it} to heart: and merciful men {are}","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/57/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":58,"desc":"Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice like a trumpet, and shew my people their","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/58/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":59,"desc":"Behold, the LORD'S hand is not shortened, that it cannot save; neither his ear h","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/59/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":60,"desc":"Arise, shine; for thy light is come, and the glory of the LORD is risen upon the","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/60/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":61,"desc":"The Spirit of the Lord GOD {is} upon me; because the LORD hath anointed me to pr","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/61/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":62,"desc":"For Zion's sake will I not hold my peace, and for Jerusalem's sake I will not re","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/62/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":63,"desc":"Who {is} this that cometh from Edom, with dyed garments from Bozrah? this {that ","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/63/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":64,"desc":"Oh that thou wouldest rend the heavens, that thou wouldest come down, that the m","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/64/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":65,"desc":"I am sought of {them that} asked not {for me}; I am found of {them that} sought ","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/65/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Isaiah","ch":66,"desc":"Thus saith the LORD, The heaven {is} my throne, and the earth {is} my footstool:","url":"/nevi-im/isaiah/66/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":1,"desc":"The words of Jeremiah the son of Hilkiah, of the priests that {were} in Anathoth","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":2,"desc":"Moreover the word of the LORD came to me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":3,"desc":"They say, If a man put away his wife, and she go from him, and become another ma","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":4,"desc":"If thou wilt return, O Israel, saith the LORD, return unto me: and if thou wilt ","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/4/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":5,"desc":"Run ye to and fro through the streets of Jerusalem, and see now, and know, and s","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/5/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":6,"desc":"O ye children of Benjamin, gather yourselves to flee out of the midst of Jerusal","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/6/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":7,"desc":"The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/7/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":8,"desc":"At that time, saith the LORD, they shall bring out the bones of the kings of Jud","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/8/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":9,"desc":"Oh that my head were waters, and mine eyes a fountain of tears, that I might wee","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/9/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":10,"desc":"Hear ye the word which the LORD speaketh unto you, O house of Israel:","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/10/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":11,"desc":"The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/11/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":12,"desc":"Righteous {art} thou, O LORD, when I plead with thee: yet let me talk with thee ","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/12/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":13,"desc":"Thus saith the LORD unto me, Go and get thee a linen girdle, and put it upon thy","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/13/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":14,"desc":"The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah concerning the dearth. {the dearth: H","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/14/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":15,"desc":"Then said the LORD unto me, Though Moses and Samuel stood before me, {yet} my mi","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/15/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":16,"desc":"The word of the LORD came also unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/16/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":17,"desc":"The sin of Judah {is} written with a pen of iron, {and} with the point of a diam","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/17/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":18,"desc":"The word which came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/18/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":19,"desc":"Thus saith the LORD, Go and get a potter's earthen bottle, and {take} of the anc","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/19/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":20,"desc":"Now Pashur the son of Immer the priest, who {was} also chief governor in the hou","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/20/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":21,"desc":"The word which came unto Jeremiah from the LORD, when king Zedekiah sent unto hi","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/21/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":22,"desc":"Thus saith the LORD; Go down to the house of the king of Judah, and speak there ","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/22/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":23,"desc":"Woe be unto the pastors that destroy and scatter the sheep of my pasture! saith ","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/23/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":24,"desc":"The LORD shewed me, and, behold, two baskets of figs {were} set before the templ","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/24/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":25,"desc":"The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the people of Judah in the fourth ","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/25/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":26,"desc":"In the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah came ","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/26/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":27,"desc":"In the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah came ","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/27/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":28,"desc":"And it came to pass the same year, in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah kin","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/28/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":29,"desc":"Now these {are} the words of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jeru","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/29/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":30,"desc":"The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/30/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":31,"desc":"At the same time, saith the LORD, will I be the God of all the families of Israe","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/31/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":32,"desc":"The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD in the tenth year of Zedekiah king ","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/32/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":33,"desc":"Moreover the word of the LORD came unto Jeremiah the second time, while he was y","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/33/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":34,"desc":"The word which came unto Jeremiah from the LORD, when Nebuchadnezzar king of Bab","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/34/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":35,"desc":"The word which came unto Jeremiah from the LORD in the days of Jehoiakim the son","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/35/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":36,"desc":"And it came to pass in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Ju","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/36/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":37,"desc":"And king Zedekiah the son of Josiah reigned instead of Coniah the son of Jehoiak","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/37/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":38,"desc":"Then Shephatiah the son of Mattan, and Gedaliah the son of Pashur, and Jucal the","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/38/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":39,"desc":"In the ninth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, in the tenth month, came Nebuchadre","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/39/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":40,"desc":"The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, after that Nebuzaradan the captain","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/40/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":41,"desc":"Now it came to pass in the seventh month, {that} Ishmael the son of Nethaniah th","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/41/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":42,"desc":"Then all the captains of the forces, and Johanan the son of Kareah, and Jezaniah","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/42/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":43,"desc":"And it came to pass, {that} when Jeremiah had made an end of speaking unto all t","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/43/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":44,"desc":"The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the Jews which dwell in the land o","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/44/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":45,"desc":"The word that Jeremiah the prophet spake unto Baruch the son of Neriah, when he ","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/45/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":46,"desc":"The word of the LORD which came to Jeremiah the prophet against the Gentiles;","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/46/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":47,"desc":"The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet against the Philistines, ","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/47/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":48,"desc":"Against Moab thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Woe unto Nebo! for","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/48/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":49,"desc":"Concerning the Ammonites, thus saith the LORD; Hath Israel no sons? hath he no h","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/49/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":50,"desc":"The word that the LORD spake against Babylon {and} against the land of the Chald","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/50/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":51,"desc":"Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and against them t","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/51/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jeremiah","ch":52,"desc":"Zedekiah {was} one and twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned e","url":"/nevi-im/jeremiah/52/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":1,"desc":"Now it came to pass in the thirtieth year, in the fourth {month}, in the fifth {","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":2,"desc":"And he said unto me, Son of man, stand upon thy feet, and I will speak unto thee","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":3,"desc":"Moreover he said unto me, Son of man, eat that thou findest; eat this roll, and ","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":4,"desc":"Thou also, son of man, take thee a tile, and lay it before thee, and pourtray up","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/4/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":5,"desc":"And thou, son of man, take thee a sharp knife, take thee a barber's razor, and c","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/5/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":6,"desc":"And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/6/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":7,"desc":"Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/7/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":8,"desc":"And it came to pass in the sixth year, in the sixth {month}, in the fifth {day} ","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/8/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":9,"desc":"He cried also in mine ears with a loud voice, saying, Cause them that have charg","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/9/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":10,"desc":"Then I looked, and, behold, in the firmament that was above the head of the cher","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/10/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":11,"desc":"Moreover the spirit lifted me up, and brought me unto the east gate of the LORD'","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/11/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":12,"desc":"The word of the LORD also came unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/12/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":13,"desc":"And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/13/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":14,"desc":"Then came certain of the elders of Israel unto me, and sat before me.","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/14/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":15,"desc":"And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/15/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":16,"desc":"Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/16/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":17,"desc":"And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/17/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":18,"desc":"The word of the LORD came unto me again, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/18/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":19,"desc":"Moreover take thou up a lamentation for the princes of Israel,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/19/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":20,"desc":"And it came to pass in the seventh year, in the fifth {month}, the tenth {day} o","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/20/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":21,"desc":"And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/21/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":22,"desc":"Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/22/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":23,"desc":"The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/23/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":24,"desc":"Again in the ninth year, in the tenth month, in the tenth {day} of the month, th","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/24/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":25,"desc":"The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/25/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":26,"desc":"And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the first {day} of the month, {that","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/26/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":27,"desc":"The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/27/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":28,"desc":"The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/28/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":29,"desc":"In the tenth year, in the tenth {month}, in the twelfth {day} of the month, the ","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/29/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":30,"desc":"The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/30/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":31,"desc":"And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the third {month}, in the first {da","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/31/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":32,"desc":"And it came to pass in the twelfth year, in the twelfth month, in the first {day","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/32/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":33,"desc":"Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/33/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":34,"desc":"And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/34/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":35,"desc":"Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/35/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":36,"desc":"Also, thou son of man, prophesy unto the mountains of Israel, and say, Ye mounta","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/36/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":37,"desc":"The hand of the LORD was upon me, and carried me out in the spirit of the LORD, ","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/37/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":38,"desc":"And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/38/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":39,"desc":"Therefore, thou son of man, prophesy against Gog, and say, Thus saith the Lord G","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/39/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":40,"desc":"In the five and twentieth year of our captivity, in the beginning of the year, i","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/40/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":41,"desc":"Afterward he brought me to the temple, and measured the posts, six cubits broad ","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/41/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":42,"desc":"Then he brought me forth into the utter court, the way toward the north: and he ","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/42/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":43,"desc":"Afterward he brought me to the gate, {even} the gate that looketh toward the eas","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/43/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":44,"desc":"Then he brought me back the way of the gate of the outward sanctuary which looke","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/44/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":45,"desc":"Moreover, when ye shall divide by lot the land for inheritance, ye shall offer a","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/45/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":46,"desc":"Thus saith the Lord GOD; The gate of the inner court that looketh toward the eas","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/46/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":47,"desc":"Afterward he brought me again unto the door of the house; and, behold, waters is","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/47/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Ezekiel","ch":48,"desc":"Now these {are} the names of the tribes. From the north end to the coast of the ","url":"/nevi-im/ezekiel/48/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Hosea","ch":1,"desc":"The word of the LORD that came unto Hosea, the son of Beeri, in the days of Uzzi","url":"/nevi-im/hosea/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Hosea","ch":2,"desc":"Say ye unto your brethren, Ammi; and to your sisters, Ruhamah. {Ammi: that is, M","url":"/nevi-im/hosea/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Hosea","ch":3,"desc":"Then said the LORD unto me, Go yet, love a woman beloved of {her} friend, yet an","url":"/nevi-im/hosea/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Hosea","ch":4,"desc":"Hear the word of the LORD, ye children of Israel: for the LORD hath a controvers","url":"/nevi-im/hosea/4/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Hosea","ch":5,"desc":"Hear ye this, O priests; and hearken, ye house of Israel; and give ye ear, O hou","url":"/nevi-im/hosea/5/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Hosea","ch":6,"desc":"Come, and let us return unto the LORD: for he hath torn, and he will heal us; he","url":"/nevi-im/hosea/6/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Hosea","ch":7,"desc":"When I would have healed Israel, then the iniquity of Ephraim was discovered, an","url":"/nevi-im/hosea/7/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Hosea","ch":8,"desc":"{Set} the trumpet to thy mouth. {He shall come} as an eagle against the house of","url":"/nevi-im/hosea/8/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Hosea","ch":9,"desc":"Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, as {other} people: for thou hast gone a whoring ","url":"/nevi-im/hosea/9/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Hosea","ch":10,"desc":"Israel {is} an empty vine, he bringeth forth fruit unto himself: according to th","url":"/nevi-im/hosea/10/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Hosea","ch":11,"desc":"When Israel {was} a child, then I loved him, and called my son out of Egypt.","url":"/nevi-im/hosea/11/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Hosea","ch":12,"desc":"Ephraim feedeth on wind, and followeth after the east wind: he daily increaseth ","url":"/nevi-im/hosea/12/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Hosea","ch":13,"desc":"When Ephraim spake trembling, he exalted himself in Israel; but when he offended","url":"/nevi-im/hosea/13/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Hosea","ch":14,"desc":"O Israel, return unto the LORD thy God; for thou hast fallen by thine iniquity.","url":"/nevi-im/hosea/14/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joel","ch":1,"desc":"The word of the LORD that came to Joel the son of Pethuel.","url":"/nevi-im/joel/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joel","ch":2,"desc":"Blow ye the trumpet in Zion, and sound an alarm in my holy mountain: let all the","url":"/nevi-im/joel/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joel","ch":3,"desc":"For, behold, in those days, and in that time, when I shall bring again the capti","url":"/nevi-im/joel/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Joel","ch":4,"desc":"For, behold, in those days, and in that time, when I shall bring again the capti","url":"/nevi-im/joel/4/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Amos","ch":1,"desc":"The words of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa, which he saw concerning I","url":"/nevi-im/amos/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Amos","ch":2,"desc":"Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Moab, and for four, I will not ","url":"/nevi-im/amos/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Amos","ch":3,"desc":"Hear this word that the LORD hath spoken against you, O children of Israel, agai","url":"/nevi-im/amos/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Amos","ch":4,"desc":"Hear this word, ye kine of Bashan, that {are} in the mountain of Samaria, which ","url":"/nevi-im/amos/4/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Amos","ch":5,"desc":"Hear ye this word which I take up against you, {even} a lamentation, O house of ","url":"/nevi-im/amos/5/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Amos","ch":6,"desc":"Woe to them {that are} at ease in Zion, and trust in the mountain of Samaria, {w","url":"/nevi-im/amos/6/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Amos","ch":7,"desc":"Thus hath the Lord GOD shewed unto me; and, behold, he formed grasshoppers in th","url":"/nevi-im/amos/7/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Amos","ch":8,"desc":"Thus hath the Lord GOD shewed unto me: and behold a basket of summer fruit.","url":"/nevi-im/amos/8/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Amos","ch":9,"desc":"I saw the Lord standing upon the altar: and he said, Smite the lintel of the doo","url":"/nevi-im/amos/9/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Obadiah","ch":1,"desc":"The vision of Obadiah. Thus saith the Lord GOD concerning Edom; We have heard a ","url":"/nevi-im/obadiah/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jonah","ch":1,"desc":"Now the word of the LORD came unto Jonah the son of Amittai, saying, {Jonah: Gr.","url":"/nevi-im/jonah/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jonah","ch":2,"desc":"Then Jonah prayed unto the LORD his God out of the fish's belly,","url":"/nevi-im/jonah/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jonah","ch":3,"desc":"And the word of the LORD came unto Jonah the second time, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/jonah/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Jonah","ch":4,"desc":"But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was very angry.","url":"/nevi-im/jonah/4/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Micah","ch":1,"desc":"The word of the LORD that came to Micah the Morasthite in the days of Jotham, Ah","url":"/nevi-im/micah/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Micah","ch":2,"desc":"Woe to them that devise iniquity, and work evil upon their beds! when the mornin","url":"/nevi-im/micah/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Micah","ch":3,"desc":"And I said, Hear, I pray you, O heads of Jacob, and ye princes of the house of I","url":"/nevi-im/micah/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Micah","ch":4,"desc":"But in the last days it shall come to pass, {that} the mountain of the house of ","url":"/nevi-im/micah/4/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Micah","ch":5,"desc":"Now gather thyself in troops, O daughter of troops: he hath laid siege against u","url":"/nevi-im/micah/5/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Micah","ch":6,"desc":"Hear ye now what the LORD saith; Arise, contend thou before the mountains, and l","url":"/nevi-im/micah/6/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Micah","ch":7,"desc":"Woe is me! for I am as when they have gathered the summer fruits, as the grapegl","url":"/nevi-im/micah/7/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Nahum","ch":1,"desc":"The burden of Nineveh. The book of the vision of Nahum the Elkoshite.","url":"/nevi-im/nahum/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Nahum","ch":2,"desc":"He that dasheth in pieces is come up before thy face: keep the munition, watch t","url":"/nevi-im/nahum/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Nahum","ch":3,"desc":"Woe to the bloody city! it {is} all full of lies {and} robbery; the prey departe","url":"/nevi-im/nahum/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Habakkuk","ch":1,"desc":"The burden which Habakkuk the prophet did see.","url":"/nevi-im/habakkuk/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Habakkuk","ch":2,"desc":"I will stand upon my watch, and set me upon the tower, and will watch to see wha","url":"/nevi-im/habakkuk/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Habakkuk","ch":3,"desc":"A prayer of Habakkuk the prophet upon Shigionoth. {upon...: or, according to var","url":"/nevi-im/habakkuk/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Zephaniah","ch":1,"desc":"The word of the LORD which came unto Zephaniah the son of Cushi, the son of Geda","url":"/nevi-im/zephaniah/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Zephaniah","ch":2,"desc":"Gather yourselves together, yea, gather together, O nation not desired; {not...:","url":"/nevi-im/zephaniah/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Zephaniah","ch":3,"desc":"Woe to her that is filthy and polluted, to the oppressing city! {her...: or, glu","url":"/nevi-im/zephaniah/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Haggai","ch":1,"desc":"In the second year of Darius the king, in the sixth month, in the first day of t","url":"/nevi-im/haggai/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Haggai","ch":2,"desc":"In the seventh {month}, in the one and twentieth {day} of the month, came the wo","url":"/nevi-im/haggai/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Zechariah","ch":1,"desc":"In the eighth month, in the second year of Darius, came the word of the LORD unt","url":"/nevi-im/zechariah/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Zechariah","ch":2,"desc":"I lifted up mine eyes again, and looked, and behold a man with a measuring line ","url":"/nevi-im/zechariah/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Zechariah","ch":3,"desc":"And he shewed me Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of the LORD, a","url":"/nevi-im/zechariah/3/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Zechariah","ch":4,"desc":"And the angel that talked with me came again, and waked me, as a man that is wak","url":"/nevi-im/zechariah/4/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Zechariah","ch":5,"desc":"Then I turned, and lifted up mine eyes, and looked, and behold a flying roll.","url":"/nevi-im/zechariah/5/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Zechariah","ch":6,"desc":"And I turned, and lifted up mine eyes, and looked, and, behold, there came four ","url":"/nevi-im/zechariah/6/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Zechariah","ch":7,"desc":"And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, {that} the word of the LO","url":"/nevi-im/zechariah/7/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Zechariah","ch":8,"desc":"Again the word of the LORD of hosts came {to me}, saying,","url":"/nevi-im/zechariah/8/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Zechariah","ch":9,"desc":"The burden of the word of the LORD in the land of Hadrach, and Damascus {shall b","url":"/nevi-im/zechariah/9/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Zechariah","ch":10,"desc":"Ask ye of the LORD rain in the time of the latter rain; {so} the LORD shall make","url":"/nevi-im/zechariah/10/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Zechariah","ch":11,"desc":"Open thy doors, O Lebanon, that the fire may devour thy cedars.","url":"/nevi-im/zechariah/11/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Zechariah","ch":12,"desc":"The burden of the word of the LORD for Israel, saith the LORD, which stretcheth ","url":"/nevi-im/zechariah/12/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Zechariah","ch":13,"desc":"In that day there shall be a fountain opened to the house of David and to the in","url":"/nevi-im/zechariah/13/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Zechariah","ch":14,"desc":"Behold, the day of the LORD cometh, and thy spoil shall be divided in the midst ","url":"/nevi-im/zechariah/14/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Malachi","ch":1,"desc":"The burden of the word of the LORD to Israel by Malachi. {by...: Heb. by the han","url":"/nevi-im/malachi/1/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Malachi","ch":2,"desc":"And now, O ye priests, this commandment {is} for you.","url":"/nevi-im/malachi/2/"},{"t":"neviim","book":"Malachi","ch":3,"desc":"Behold, I will send my messenger, and he shall prepare the way before me: and th","url":"/nevi-im/malachi/3/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":1,"desc":"The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/1/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":2,"desc":"Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judaea in the days of Herod the king, be","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/2/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":3,"desc":"In those days came John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judaea,","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/3/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":4,"desc":"Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted of the dev","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/4/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":5,"desc":"And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain: and when he was set, his ","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/5/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":6,"desc":"Take heed that ye do not your alms before men, to be seen of them: otherwise ye ","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/6/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":7,"desc":"Judge not, that ye be not judged.","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/7/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":8,"desc":"When he was come down from the mountain, great multitudes followed him.","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/8/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":9,"desc":"And he entered into a ship, and passed over, and came into his own city.","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/9/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":10,"desc":"And when he had called unto {him} his twelve disciples, he gave them power {agai","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/10/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":11,"desc":"And it came to pass, when Jesus had made an end of commanding his twelve discipl","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/11/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":12,"desc":"At that time Jesus went on the sabbath day through the corn; and his disciples w","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/12/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":13,"desc":"The same day went Jesus out of the house, and sat by the sea side.","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/13/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":14,"desc":"At that time Herod the tetrarch heard of the fame of Jesus, {tetrarch: or, gover","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/14/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":15,"desc":"Then came to Jesus scribes and Pharisees, which were of Jerusalem, saying,","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/15/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":16,"desc":"The Pharisees also with the Sadducees came, and tempting desired him that he wou","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/16/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":17,"desc":"And after six days Jesus taketh Peter, James, and John his brother, and bringeth","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/17/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":18,"desc":"At the same time came the disciples unto Jesus, saying, Who is the greatest in t","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/18/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":19,"desc":"And it came to pass, {that} when Jesus had finished these sayings, he departed f","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/19/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":20,"desc":"For the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man {that is} an householder, which wen","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/20/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":21,"desc":"And when they drew nigh unto Jerusalem, and were come to Bethphage, unto the mou","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/21/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":22,"desc":"The kingdom of heaven is like unto a certain king, which made a marriage for his","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/22/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":23,"desc":"Then spake Jesus to the multitude, and to his disciples,","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/23/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":24,"desc":"And Jesus went out, and departed from the temple: and his disciples came to {him","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/24/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":25,"desc":"Then shall the kingdom of heaven be likened unto ten virgins, which took their l","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/25/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":26,"desc":"And it came to pass, when Jesus had finished all these sayings, he said unto his","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/26/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":27,"desc":"When the morning was come, all the chief priests and elders of the people took c","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/27/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Matthew","ch":28,"desc":"In the end of the sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first {day} of the wee","url":"/the-gospel/matthew/28/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Mark","ch":1,"desc":"The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God;","url":"/the-gospel/mark/1/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Mark","ch":2,"desc":"And again he entered into Capernaum after {some} days; and it was noised that he","url":"/the-gospel/mark/2/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Mark","ch":3,"desc":"And he entered again into the synagogue; and there was a man there which had a w","url":"/the-gospel/mark/3/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Mark","ch":4,"desc":"And he began again to teach by the sea side: and there was gathered unto him a g","url":"/the-gospel/mark/4/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Mark","ch":5,"desc":"And they came over unto the other side of the sea, into the country of the Gadar","url":"/the-gospel/mark/5/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Mark","ch":6,"desc":"And he went out from thence, and came into his own country; and his disciples fo","url":"/the-gospel/mark/6/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Mark","ch":7,"desc":"Then came together unto him the Pharisees, and certain of the scribes, which cam","url":"/the-gospel/mark/7/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Mark","ch":8,"desc":"In those days the multitude being very great, and having nothing to eat, Jesus c","url":"/the-gospel/mark/8/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Mark","ch":9,"desc":"And he said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That there be some of them that st","url":"/the-gospel/mark/9/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Mark","ch":10,"desc":"And he arose from thence, and cometh into the coasts of Judaea by the farther si","url":"/the-gospel/mark/10/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Mark","ch":11,"desc":"And when they came nigh to Jerusalem, unto Bethphage and Bethany, at the mount o","url":"/the-gospel/mark/11/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Mark","ch":12,"desc":"And he began to speak unto them by parables. A {certain} man planted a vineyard,","url":"/the-gospel/mark/12/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Mark","ch":13,"desc":"And as he went out of the temple, one of his disciples saith unto him, Master, s","url":"/the-gospel/mark/13/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Mark","ch":14,"desc":"After two days was {the feast of} the passover, and of unleavened bread: and the","url":"/the-gospel/mark/14/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Mark","ch":15,"desc":"And straightway in the morning the chief priests held a consultation with the el","url":"/the-gospel/mark/15/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Mark","ch":16,"desc":"And when the sabbath was past, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the {mother} of James, a","url":"/the-gospel/mark/16/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":1,"desc":"Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of thos","url":"/the-gospel/luke/1/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":2,"desc":"And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Caesar Augu","url":"/the-gospel/luke/2/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":3,"desc":"Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, Pontius Pilate being ","url":"/the-gospel/luke/3/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":4,"desc":"And Jesus being full of the Holy Ghost returned from Jordan, and was led by the ","url":"/the-gospel/luke/4/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":5,"desc":"And it came to pass, that, as the people pressed upon him to hear the word of Go","url":"/the-gospel/luke/5/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":6,"desc":"And it came to pass on the second sabbath after the first, that he went through ","url":"/the-gospel/luke/6/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":7,"desc":"Now when he had ended all his sayings in the audience of the people, he entered ","url":"/the-gospel/luke/7/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":8,"desc":"And it came to pass afterward, that he went throughout every city and village, p","url":"/the-gospel/luke/8/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":9,"desc":"Then he called his twelve disciples together, and gave them power and authority ","url":"/the-gospel/luke/9/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":10,"desc":"After these things the Lord appointed other seventy also, and sent them two and ","url":"/the-gospel/luke/10/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":11,"desc":"And it came to pass, that, as he was praying in a certain place, when he ceased,","url":"/the-gospel/luke/11/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":12,"desc":"In the mean time, when there were gathered together an innumerable multitude of ","url":"/the-gospel/luke/12/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":13,"desc":"There were present at that season some that told him of the Galilaeans, whose bl","url":"/the-gospel/luke/13/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":14,"desc":"And it came to pass, as he went into the house of one of the chief Pharisees to ","url":"/the-gospel/luke/14/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":15,"desc":"Then drew near unto him all the publicans and sinners for to hear him.","url":"/the-gospel/luke/15/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":16,"desc":"And he said also unto his disciples, There was a certain rich man, which had a s","url":"/the-gospel/luke/16/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":17,"desc":"Then said he unto the disciples, It is impossible but that offences will come: b","url":"/the-gospel/luke/17/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":18,"desc":"And he spake a parable unto them {to this end}, that men ought always to pray, a","url":"/the-gospel/luke/18/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":19,"desc":"And {Jesus} entered and passed through Jericho.","url":"/the-gospel/luke/19/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":20,"desc":"And it came to pass, {that} on one of those days, as he taught the people in the","url":"/the-gospel/luke/20/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":21,"desc":"And he looked up, and saw the rich men casting their gifts into the treasury.","url":"/the-gospel/luke/21/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":22,"desc":"Now the feast of unleavened bread drew nigh, which is called the Passover.","url":"/the-gospel/luke/22/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":23,"desc":"And the whole multitude of them arose, and led him unto Pilate.","url":"/the-gospel/luke/23/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"Luke","ch":24,"desc":"Now upon the first {day} of the week, very early in the morning, they came unto ","url":"/the-gospel/luke/24/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"John","ch":1,"desc":"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.","url":"/the-gospel/john/1/"},{"t":"gospel","book":"John","ch":2,"desc":"And the third day there was a marriage in Cana of Galilee; 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