Bereshit · בּראשִית · Genesis

The Men of Sodom Surround the House

אַנְשֵׁי סְדֹם נָסַבּוּ
Genesis 19:4-5
Genesis 19:4
טֶרֶם יִשְׁכָּבוּ וְאַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר אַנְשֵׁי סְדֹם נָסַבּוּ עַל־הַבַּיִת מִנַּעַר וְעַד־זָקֵן כָּל־הָעָם מִקָּצֶהז
Terem yishkavu v'anshei ha'ir anshei Sodom nasavbu al-habayit, min'ar v'ad-zaken, kol-ha'am mikatze.
"Before they lay down, the men of the city, the men of Sodom, surrounded the house — from young to old, all the people from every quarter."
The Men of Sodom Surround the House

In the Hebrew

Genesis 19:4 arrives with terrible immediacy. The angels have barely entered Lot's house when the mobilization begins. There is no morning, no time to settle — the text says "before they lay down." The city responds to the presence of strangers within hours. Its network of information and appetite is fast.

The description is total: מִנַּעַר וְעַד־זָקֵן כָּל־הָעָם מִקָּצֶה — "from young to old, all the people from every quarter." The phrase מִקָּצֶה means from the extremities, from every end. No corner of the city is exempt, no generation is uncorrupted. There are no young men holding a different ethic, no elders wise enough to intervene. Young and old stand outside Lot's door and make the same demand: bring them out to us, that we may know them.

The verb יָדַע (yada) — "to know" — has a range of meanings in the Hebrew Bible, from intellectual knowledge to intimate union. In context, given Lot's response, given the breadth of the destruction, the demand is coercive and sexual. What this scene reveals is not merely private vice but a mobilized, communal culture. Sodom is not a city with some wicked people. It is a city that organizes as a unit around wickedness.

Key Hebrew Word
נָסַבּוּ
Nasavbu — They surrounded, they encircled. From the root סבב (savav), to go around, to encircle. The same root gives us סְבִיבוֹת (sevivot, surroundings) and the circling of the altar. Here it describes a coordinated military-style encirclement of a civilian house. The men of Sodom did not gather; they surrounded. The word implies a siege. Lot's house is besieged by his own city.
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