Shemot · שְׁמוֹת · Exodus

The Death Passes Over — The Night of the Protected

וְעָבַרְתִּי עַל-הַדָּם וּפָסַחְתִּי עֲלֵכֶם
Exodus 12:29–42
Exodus 12:13
וְעָבַרְתִּי עַל-הַדָּם וּפָסַחְתִּי עֲלֵכֶם וְלֹא-יִהְיֶה בָכֶם נֶגֶף לְמַשְׁחִית בְּהַכֹּתִי בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם
"And when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt."
The Death Passes Over — The Night of the Protected — Exodus 12:29–42

In the Hebrew

At midnight God strikes every firstborn in Egypt — from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne to the firstborn of the captive in the dungeon, to the firstborn of all livestock. A great cry rises across Egypt. There is not a house without death.

But over the houses marked with blood: the destroyer passes. The night of the tenth plague is also the night of protection. Two things happen simultaneously — judgment on Egypt and shelter for Israel.

Pharaoh rises in the night — he and all his servants and all of Egypt. He sends for Moses and Aaron while it is still dark. Rise up, go out from among my people — you, the children of Israel. Go, serve God as you have said. Take your flocks and herds. Go. And bless me also.

Egypt urges the people to hurry. They are afraid everyone will die. Israel takes their dough before it is leavened — carried on their shoulders, kneaded bowls bound in their cloaks. They do not wait for it to rise. They borrow silver and gold and clothing from the Egyptians, and the Egyptians give it willingly.

The children of Israel had lived in Egypt four hundred and thirty years. On this very day — to the day — they left.

Key Hebrew Word
פָּסַח
pasakh — to pass over, to protect. The name of the festival comes from this verb. It does not only mean to skip over — in context, it carries the meaning of hovering over protectively, standing guard. God does not merely avoid the marked houses; he protects them while destruction moves through the land.
Key Hebrew Word
לֵיל שִׁמֻּרִים
leil shimmurim — a night of watching. The text calls this night leil shimmurim — a night kept by God for Israel, a night of guarding. It is observed by Israel throughout their generations as a night of watching unto God. The night does not end with the departure — it is carried forward in every Passover commemoration.
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